东昌湖水体富营养化评价及N、P平衡研究

通过对东昌湖2005年水质监测数据的分析,采用卡尔森指数法对东昌湖水体的富营养化水平进行了评价,发现东昌湖水体处于中-富营养化水平。对东昌湖水体富营养化的主要影响因子N、P的平衡研究结果表明：东昌湖N输入量为7．35t,／a,P输入量为1．47t/a,主要来源于随外界输水进入;N和P输出量分别为6．44t／a和0．88t／a,截留率分别为12．4％和39．9％。根据东昌湖N、P平衡,建议采用生物控制模式防止东昌湖水体富营养化的加剧。     

烧烤类肉制品油烟监测方法的研究

对烧烤类肉制品产生的油烟的成分进行了半定量的分析,提出了对烧烤类内制品油烟的采样、前处理及分析方法,为烧烤类肉制品油烟污染控制提供了借鉴.     

黄浦江上游水源保护区农田氮磷养分平衡分析

通过对黄浦江上游水源保护区各类农田氮磷养分输入和输出的实地调查和资料分析,采用养分平衡盈亏评价方法,研究了黄浦江上游水源保护区不同类型农田养分平衡现状.结果表明:黄浦江上游水源保护区水田、旱地、园地氮素实际平衡盈亏率分别为31.17％、49.78％、44.33％,分别高出允许平衡盈亏率30.46％、90.18％ 、37...     

芯片制造企业节水评价指标体系研究——以上海浦东企业为例

以国家节水企业评价标准与其他类似节水指标为指导,结合芯片制造产业特征与台湾同类企业评价标准,总结提出针对芯片制造产业的节水评价指标.设计指标从总体用水,主要生产单元以及主要辅助单元三方面考察企业用水情况,其中主要生产单元用水作为重要考察对象,包括纯水制造单元和芯片制造线的清洗水回收.运用该指标对现有浦东典型企业用水状况...     

森林资源资产负债表核算系统研究

森林资源是重要的自然资源,编制森林资源资产负债表,将森林资源管理纳入生态文明绩效评价考核体系,对实现可持续发展和保障生态安全具有重要意义。本文在分析森林资源核算研究进展的基础上,将森林资源资产负债表定位于服务各级政府森林资源资产管理的信息系统,借鉴会计理论与方法,结合中国森林资源管理的特点,构建了森林资源资产负债表核算系统。核算系统主要包括：森林资源资产负债表核算要素的界定和确认标准,森林资源资产、森林资源负债、森林资源净权益的核算账户设置,森林资源资产负债表、森林资源资产变动表、森林资源权益变动表的表式,以资源调查数据和资源变动数据为基础的动态核算流程,以及复式记账的核算方法。通过核算系统,实现以年度为核算周期编制森林资源资产负债表。     

中国人为热变化及其对地表能量平衡的影响

利用人口统计、分布数据及能源消费统计资料,对中国1980~2015年人为热通量（Q_a）的时空变化进行了研究,并将其与地表净太阳辐射（R_n）进行了对比分析,以探讨人为热对不同尺度地表能量平衡的影响.结果表明,在研究时段内,全国平均Q_a呈显著升高趋势（0.11W/m²/10a,P<0.001）,从1980年的0.07W/m²上升到2015年的0.45W/m²,已经约相当于全球工业革命以来CO₂排放引起辐射强迫（1.68W/m²）的27%;其中Q_a高值区（≥ 1.00W/m²）已由1990年的点状分布变为2015年的面状分布,占到全国面积的10%;全国平均R_n的趋势率（0.18W/m²/10a）略大于Q_a,但未通过显著性检验（P=0.381）.对于参与计算的31个省会城市,2015年市区Q_a平均值在1~32W/m²之间,平均达17W/m²,相当于R_n平均值（147W/m²）的12%;在栅格尺度上（0.5min×0.5min）,除拉萨外,其余城市的Q_a像元最大值均超过了120W/m²,已经导致局地的热平衡发生了本质变化.研究认为,人为热释放因素不但需要在城市气候模拟研究中给予更多考虑,而且在全球和区域气候模拟与评价中以及制定气候变化应对策略时也有必要给予充分考虑,以促进全面认识并减缓气温升高.     

Relationship between protean career orientation and work–life balance: A resource perspective

Despite the commonly held belief that a protean career orientation (PCO) enables employees to achieve more balance in their lives, little is known about the relationship between PCO and work–life balance. Using two waves of data collection separated by 2.5 years, this study examined the relationship between PCO and work–life balance among a sample of 367 college‐educated employees in the United States. Analysis was conducted to empirically distinguish PCO from conceptually related constructs, and structural equation modeling was used to examine the process that explains the linkage between PCO and balance. We found that PCO was positively related to work–life balance. We also found support for the role of several resources (social capital, psychological capital, and perceived employability) that explain the relationship between PCO and balance. In particular, PCO was associated with extensive career planning activities that were related to the accumulation of three forms of career capital—human capital, social capital, and psychological capital. In turn, social capital and psychological capital were associated with high employability, which was related to greater work–life balance for individuals who take a whole‐life perspective on their careers. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and provide suggestions for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

秸秆还田下晚播稻茬麦适宜施氮量研究

研究了前荏水稻秸秆全量还田条件下,不同施氮水平(0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm-2)对晚播小麦土壤矿质氮积累、秸秆氮释放、氮素平衡特征和产量的影响.结果表明,基肥施用提高了越冬期0～ 30 cm土壤矿质氮量,追施氮肥提高了开花期0～15 cm土壤矿质氮量.施氮量高于180 kg· hm-2时会造成小麦成熟后土壤矿质氮量的显著增加.氮平衡分析结果表明,小麦全生育期氮素净矿化量为48 kg· hm-2;随施氮水平的增加,秸秆氮释放量、植株氮积累量、土壤矿质氮残留量和氮表观损失量均随之增加;N90、N180、N270和N360处理氮表观损失率分别为27.9％、37.6％、43.2％和47.6％;N90处理损失量以播种至越冬期最高,其余处理均以开花至成熟期最高.适量增施氮肥有利于提高籽粒产量,但施氮量若超过180 kg·hm-2,增产效果则不显著.综合考虑,水稻秸秆全量还田条件下氮肥施用量为180 kg·hm-2有利于兼顾晚播小麦生产和生态效益.     

Innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifers for the application of wastewater biological treatment

• An innovative method of culturing bdelloid rotifer fed on flour was proposed. • Rotifer fed on flour grew faster than that fed on bacteria or Chlorella vulgaris. • The optimum mass culture conditions for rotifer fed on flour were investigated. • The cultured rotifer could improve sludge settleability in the SBR. This study aims to establish a simple and efficient method for the mass culture of bdelloid rotifers, which is the basis for the application of bdelloid rotifers as biological manipulators to improve wastewater biological treatment performance. A common bdelloid rotifer, Habrotrocha sp., in a wastewater biological treatment system was selected as the culture target. Rotifers fed on flour could reproduce faster than those fed traditional food such as Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria. As a rotifer food, flour has the advantages of simple preparation, effortless preservation, and low cost compared to live Chlorella vulgaris or mixed bacteria, so it is more suitable for the mass culture of rotifers. The optimal rotifer culture conditions using flour as food were also studied. According to the experimental results, the recommended rotifer culture conditions are a flour particle size of 1 μm, a flour concentration of 6 × 10⁶ cell/mL, a temperature of 28℃, a pH level of 6.5 and salinity of 100–500 mg/L. In addition, the sludge volume index in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with the addition of cultured rotifers was 59.9 mL/g at the end of operation and decreased by 18.2% compared to SBR without rotifer, which indicates that the cultured rotifers still retained the function of helping to improve sludge settling. This function may be related to the rotifer’s role in inhibiting bacteria from producing loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances in the SBR.     

Removal of arsenic by pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetland

• VFCWs are effective for the treatment of arsenic-containing wastewater. • Arsenic removal did not affect the removal of nutrients, except for TP in CW500. • Arsenic removal was highest when the temperature peaked and the reed was in bloom. • Substrate accumulation contributed more to arsenic removal than plant absorption. Four pilot-scale Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands (VFCWs) filled with gravel and planted with Phragmites australis were operated for seven months in the field to study the efficiency of arsenic removal in contaminated wastewater. The average arsenic removal efficiency by the VFCWs was 52.0%±20.2%, 52.9%±21.3%, and 40.3%±19.4% at the theoretical concentrations of 50 μg/L (CW50), 100 μg/L (CW100), and 500 μg/L (CW500) arsenic in the wastewater, respectively. The results also showed no significant differences in the removal efficiency for conventional contaminants (nitrogen, phosphorus, or chemical oxygen demand) between wastewater treatments that did or did not contain arsenic (P>0.05), except for phosphorus in CW500. The highest average monthly removal rate of arsenic occurred in August (55.9%–74.5%) and the lowest in November (7.8%–15.5%). The arsenic removal efficiency of each VFCW was positively correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Arsenic accumulated in both substrates and plants, with greater accumulation associated with increased arsenic concentrations in the influent. The maximum accumulated arsenic concentrations in the substrates and plants at the end of the experiment were 4.47 mg/kg and 281.9 mg/kg, respectively, both present in CW500. The translocation factor (TF) of arsenic in the reeds was less than 1, with most of the arsenic accumulating in the roots. The arsenic mass balance indicated that substrate accumulation contributed most to arsenic removal (19.9%–30.4%), with lower levels in plants (3.8%–9.5%). In summary, VFCWs are effective for the treatment of arsenic-containing wastewater.