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101.
韩颖 《中国个体防护装备》2012,(3):23-26
有证实物标准样品"石材放射性标准样品"、"陶瓷产品的放射性标准样品"及"粉煤灰砌块的放射性标准样品"适用于γ谱仪校准和考核相近基质样品中所含放射性核素226Ra、232Th和40K含量测定的准确性,覆盖了建材产品需要检验的所有核素,达到放射平衡。样品由8家权威放射性检测机构采用低本底多道γ能谱仪测量方法进行定值测量,均匀性和稳定性良好,以对人们的安全与健康提供保护。 相似文献
102.
李艳 《中国特种设备安全》2014,(7):34-38
本文对PTA装置上的大型铬钼钢锻焊反应器,在制造过程中的几个关键技术进行了介绍:控制材料的化学成分提高铬钼钢材料的抗回火脆化能力;采用先进的冶炼工艺和锻造技术保证大型锻件的质量;优化铬钼钢封头正火热处理中的冷却工艺来保证材料的性能指标;采用合理的焊接工艺,既保证了厚壁环焊缝的焊接质量,又降低了制造成本;优化堆焊工艺,保证了反应器内壁的堆焊质量;正确选择热处理规范,对铬钼钢压力容器至关重要。 相似文献
103.
发展生态建筑已经成为当今社会发展的主题,同时也是顺应建筑全球化潮流,提升人居环境健康性和舒适性的迫切需要.必须不断转变建筑在设计和建设方面的思维方式,才能逐步缓解资源紧缺和环境污染的现状.该文对生态建筑定义以及设计原则两方面进行研究,通过对台湾水滴塔和新加坡展览塔楼这两座典型生态建筑案例进行了分析,再从生态建筑材料和生态建筑节能技术两方面予以阐述,得出生态建筑作为当今社会的发展趋势,其还有很多方面需要通过实践去探索. 相似文献
104.
Waste recycling for paper production is an important component of waste management. This study constructs a physical input-output life-cycle assessment (PIO-LCA) model. The PIO-LCA model is used to investigate environmental impacts of four categories of waste recycling in China’s paper industry: crop straws, bagasse, textile wastes and scrap paper. Crop straw recycling and wood utilization for paper production have small total intensity of environmental impacts. Moreover, environmental impacts reduction of crop straw recycling and wood utilization benefits the most from technology development. Thus, using crop straws and wood (including wood wastes) for paper production should be promoted. Technology development has small effects on environmental impacts reduction of bagasse recycling, textile waste recycling and scrap paper recycling. In addition, bagasse recycling and textile waste recycling have big total intensity of environmental impacts. Thus, the development of bagasse recycling and textile waste recycling should be properly limited. Other pathways for reusing bagasse and textile wastes should be explored and evaluated. Moreover, imports of scrap paper should be encouraged to reduce large indirect impacts of scrap paper recycling on domestic environment. 相似文献
105.
Manfred Fehr 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):319-328
As biodegradable material represents approximately 70% of household waste in Brazil, any strategy to divert appreciable waste
quantities from landfills of necessity has to include valorization and recycling of this material. A societal change of attitude
is required to perceive this challenge. Experiments in an urban apartment building are described that produced this change
of attitude with a success factor of 80%. Divided waste collection was implemented that separated at the source biodegradable
from inert material. Correct collection, handling and display procedures were established. Composting of biodegradable material
was carried out under the rooftop of the building as an alternative to using it as animal feed. Half of the inert material
entered the reverse logistics chain and was also diverted from the landfill. Waste related material flow through the building
is completely quantified, food intake and waste production are related, diversion of both biodegradable and inert waste components
from the landfill is measured and the composting process is described. The landfill diversion stands at 61%, mass reduction
through the composting process is 80% and matured compost is returned to residents for use in flower cages. The system has
been operational for two years and stands out as a precedent in successful decentralized household waste management supported
by material flow analysis.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
106.
In order to effectively conserve the non-renewable resource phosphorus (P), flows and stocks of P must be known at national, regional and global scales. P is a key non-renewable resource because its use as fertilizer cannot be substituted posing a constraint on the global food production in the long-term. This paper presents a methodology to establish country-wide P balances that emphasises resource use. We develop a material flow analysis (MFA) model that comprises all relevant flows and stocks of P in five subsystems, seven processes and 36 material flows. For quantification, statistical data from economic and agricultural sources as well as available information about P partitioning in natural and anthropogenic processes are used. Special attention is paid to data gaps and uncertainties. The model was tested in two case studies on P management in Turkey and Austria. MFA appears to be a tool well suited for establishing country-wide P balances, provided that national statistics are well-structured and accessible. If a common approach is used for modelling P-flows and stocks, regional and national balances can be compared and linked towards larger scale P balances for an improved management of the resource. 相似文献
107.
于2018年1—12月,采集太湖湖滨及湖面共计9个点位600多个干湿沉降样品,估算了N、P干、湿沉降率以及全太湖2018年N、P干、湿沉降通量。结果表明,2018年太湖TN和TP月湿沉降率均值分别为161. 2和7. 1 kg/(km~2·月),TN和TP月干沉降率均值分别为103. 6和4. 5 kg/(km~2·月)。TN和TP年干沉降率空间分布规律为:湖面之上开阔水域处的TN和TP年干沉降率大于其他湖滨点位,TN和TP总沉降通量为7 702和333 t/a。2018年相比于2002—2003年,TN和TP总沉降通量分别降低了22. 6%和53. 8%。 相似文献
108.
Levels and source of organochlorine pesticides in surface waters of Qiantang River, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qiantang River is a typical river used for drinking water source, flowing through agricultural area in east China. Surface
water samples at 45 sampling sites from the river were collected and analyzed for 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) during
six surveys in 2 years of 2005–2006. Sediments, soils, farmland runoff water and dry/wet deposition of this region were also
measured for their OCPs residue in order to know possible source of OCPs contamination. The total OCPs concentrations in surface
water were 7.68–615.2 ng/l. β-HCH, δ-HCH, Aldrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide are the major OCPs in water. The maximum
levels of OCPs in water were found in July, while significantly lower OCP concentrations were measured in January. Significant
linear correlation was found between the concentration of HCH and that of total 13 OCPs in water. The measured OCP concentrations
in sediments, soils, farmland runoff water and dry/wet deposition are discussed in relation to concentrations and patterns
found in the surface water. Comparison of OCP levels in sediments and soils led to conclusion that erosion of soil contribute
significantly to the contamination of water. The OCPs dry and wet deposition to water body was estimated to 0.49 and 0.86 ton/year,
respectively. The ratio of α/γ-HCH and (DDE+DDD)/∑DDT in environmental matrix indicated there probably existed new OCPs input
of lindane and dicofol into the river. 相似文献
109.
本文分别对重庆大气颗粒物中TSP、自然干沉降的化学组成及其浓度水平进行了阐述.Ca元素在TSP中位居第一.而Fe元素在干沉降中位居第一. 相似文献
110.