粤西残斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

粤西残斑岩脉是由花岗斑岩脉遭受后期地质作用改造而成的 ,具有片状构造 ,片理产状与地层围岩一致。通过对该残斑岩的颗粒锆石U -Pb年龄测定 ,莸得两条不一致线 ,它们的下交点年龄分别为 40 4±6Ma和 42 8± 17Ma ,从而确定残斑岩脉的侵入年龄为 40 4～ 42 8Ma ,属加里东期。根据上交点年龄和2 0 7Pb/2 0 6Pb年龄推断 ,其源区物质较复杂 ,包含有 1737Ma、2 16 5Ma和 2 494Ma的物质 ,暗示粤西云开隆起区存在中、古元古代以及太古宙基底。     

Modeling of residual chlorine in water distribution system

Water quality within water distribution system may vary with both location and time.Water quality models are used to predict the spatial and temporal variation of water quality throughout water system.A model of residual chlorine decay in water pipe has been developed, given the consumption of chlorine in reactions with chemicals in bulk water,bio-films on pipe wall, in corrosion process, and the mass transport of chlorine from bulk water to pipe wall.Analytical methods of the flow path from water sources to the observed point and the water age of every observed node were proposed .Model is used to predict the decay of residual chlorine in an actual distribution system.Good agreement between calculated and measured values was obtained.     

Maternal smoking habits and Down's syndrome

Two series of pregnancies were studied to investigate the relationship between maternal smoking and the risk of fetal Down' s syndrome. In the first series, ascertained in the 1960s, in which smoking habits were determined after the outcome of pregnancy was known, the proportion of smokers (47 per cent) among the 461 women whose pregnancies ended in the birth of an infant with Down' s syndrome was similar to that in the 461 controls (46 per cent) who had pregnancies affected by other congenital disorders. In the second series, ascertained between 1973 and 1984, smoking habits were determined by measurement of cotinine in antenatal serum samples that were routinely collected and stored or, if a serum sample was not available, from information in the antenatal notes. In this series, the proportion of smokers (14 per cent) among the 91 women who had pregnancies associated with Down' s syndrome was lower than that among 413 controls (19 per cent), though this was not statistically significant. Collectively, our results provide no evidence for an association between fetal Down' s syndrome and smoking. Other published studies found a deficit of smokers among women who had pregnancies associated with Down' s syndrome. This may be partly due to some studies not taking adequate account of maternal age (older women are more likely to have had a Down' s syndrome pregnancy but are less likely to be smokers) and partly due to the greater tendency for positive findings to be published than negative ones.     

室内空气环境的CFD评价方法

介绍了计算流体动力学(CFD)的k-!模型、空气年龄控制方程、人体热舒适性指标PMV,利用CFD评价了某办公室室内空气环境。     

First trimester diagnosis of Gaucher disease in a fetus with trisomy 21

A 38-year-old lady, who had a previous infant with type 2 Gaucher disease, underwent prenatal diagnosis by chorionic villus sampling at 9 weeks' gestation. Results on the fresh villus revealed a 47,XY,+21 karyotype and a marked deficiency (2 per cent of control) of β-glucosidase activity. Following termination, villus material was cultured which initially revealed only a partial enzyme deficiency and a normal female karyotype, i.e., maternal cells. A subsequent culture contained 47,XY, + 21 cells which were deficient in β-glucosidase activity, thus confirming the diagnosis. The results in this interesting case illustrate the potential dangers of maternal cell contamination in cultured villus cells.     

广西灌阳县观音阁响水洞的形成环境及1号石笋的古气候信息

本文根据灌阳县响水洞的成洞地质条件、生态环境以及洞穴的组成等 ,论述了洞穴的形成、发育过程。通过对响水洞 1号石笋的铀系测年 ,碳氧同位素及沉积 (间断 )纹层分析 ,获得了距今 4 4.0～ 3 .1ka高分辨率古气候演变信息。反映 4 4.0ka以来区内经历了严寒 (晚大理冰期 )、冰期后干冷和温热 (间夹短暂的冷期 )等气候变化 ,为确定响水洞的形成时代和环境提供了科学依据。     

Transcervical (TC) and transabdominal (TA) CVS for prenatal diagnosis in rotterdam: Experience with 3611 cases

Data from 3611 consecutive CVS (TC, N= 1780; TA, N= 1831) were analysed with emphasis put on influence of maternal and gestational age at CVS on the fetal loss rate < 28 weeks. For TC-CVS the gestational age varied from 9.3–11.6 weeks, for TA-CVS from 9.3–20 weeks. Sampling efficacy at first attempt was 86.5 per cent and 95 per cent respectively. In 4.6 per cent an abnormal result was established. In older mothers (N=2362) the fetal loss rate was significantly higher (p = <0.05) when sampled before 12 weeks (TC-CVS 6.2 per cent, TA-CVS 5.8 per cent). When the CVS (TA) was performed after 12 weeks the fetal loss rate decreased to 2.4 per cent. In 1079 younger women the fetal loss rate remained low (TC 2.8 per cent; TA < 12 weeks 1.8 per cent; TA > 12 weeks 1.7 per cent) and was not influenced by gestational age at the time of sampling. We concluded both methods safe and reliable when the choice of application considers maternal age.     

Second-trimester levels of maternal serum unconjugated oestriol and human chorionic gonadotropin in pregnancies affected by fetal anencephaly and open spina bifida

Unconjugated oestriol (uE3) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels were determined in second-trimester maternal serum (MS) samples from 21 pregnancies associated with fetal anencephaly and 15 pregnancies associated with fetal open spina bifida. Each measurement was expressed as a multiple of the median (MoM) for unaffected pregnancies for each completed week of gestation. In pregnancies associated with anencephaly, the median value for MSuE3 was very low (0–17 MoM, range <0·12–0·33 MoM), suggesting a functional defect in the fetal adrenal prior to 20 weeks' gestation; the median value for MShCG was also low (0–73 MoM), although not to the same extent as for MSuE3. A biological explanation for the hCG result is not apparent. In pregnancies associated with open spina bifida, the MSuE3 and MShCG values were unremarkable, consistent with a lack of involvement of these open fetal defects in the synthesis and secretion of uE3 and hCG.     

Tertiary centre referral of small-for-gestational age pregnancies: A 10-year retrospective analysis

Between 1981 and 1991, 461 pregnant women between 15 and 40 weeks of gestation (mean 30 weeks) with completed follow-up were referred to our centre for prenatal diagnosis because of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus or combined SGA and structural abnormality. The referral diagnosis was based either on biparietal diameter measurements or on measurement of the upper-abdominal circumference. SGA in our centre was defined as a fetal upper-abdominal circumference below the tenth centile. SGA was confirmed by ultrasound in 75 per cent of the fetuses, whilst combined SGA and fetal structural abnormality was substantiated in only 16 per cent of the fetuses. However, in our centre structural abnormality was detected in 34 fetuses who were referred because of SGA alone. Nearly half of the structurally normal SGA fetuses displayed a normal head-to-abdomen (H/A), ratio, whereas an increased H/A ratio was found in 13/15 fetuses with an abnormal karyotype. An abnormal karyotype was present in 20 fetuses, which is 7 per cent of the total SGA population. Nearly 50 per cent represented triploidy associated with oligohydramnios. SGA was confirmed by a birth weight below the tenth centile in 89 per cent, below the fifth centile in 77 per cent, and below the 2·3rd centile in 55 per cent of infants. Structural abnormality was confirmed in 65 per cent of infants, whereas in 19 per cent of infants the abnormality was missed or a misclassification was made. Perinatal mortality was 31 per cent for all SGA fetuses, 27 per cent for SGA fetuses without anomalies, and 64 per cent for SGA fetuses with structural abnormality.     

The use of amniotic FSH levels in resolving a discrepancy between fetal chromosomal and phenotypic sex

We report a case in which a discrepancy emerged between the prenatal diagnosis of female chromosomal sex and male sex at ultrasound examination. The FSH dosage performed on an amniotic fluid sample previously stored confirmed the male phenotype of the fetus. The effectiveness of the AF-FSH level dosage in prenatal diagnosis was taken into consideration.