加压活性炭生物膜法处理DSD有机废水

采用加压活性炭生物膜法处理以对硝基甲苯磺酸盐为主的难降解的有机废水的研究,是在活性炭生物膜法处理有机废水基础上发展起来的新技术。本实验结果表明,在加压9.8×10~4Pa(1kgt/cm~2)的条件下,COD_(Cr)去除率为62％～70％,比常压活性炭生物膜法高20％～25％;其容积负荷Nv=1.7～2.9kgCOD/m~3·d,比一般活性污泥法高3～6倍。     

高压脉冲电凝聚技术处理活性染料废水试验研究

难生物降解有机废水是废水处理的难点。阐述了高压脉冲电凝聚技术处理高浓度、难生物降解有机废水的最新机理。采用高压脉冲电凝聚技术处理活性染料（活性红）生产废水．研究了影响高压脉冲电凝聚技术处理活性染料废水效果的操作条件及影响因素．结果表明，在最佳处理工艺条件下。CODCr浓度12628mg／L的生产废水经处理后CODCr去除率为65％左右。再经后续混凝沉淀，最终出水CODCr可降低到1000mg／L以下。     

Effects of acid,acid-ZVI/PMS,Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS and ZVI/PMS conditioning on the wastewater activated sludge(WAS)dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)

The effects of four conditioning approaches:Acid,Acid-zero-valent iron(ZVI)/peroxydisulfate(PMS),Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS and ZVI/PMS,on wastewater activated sludge(WAS) dewatering and organics distribution in supernatant and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) layers were investigated.The highest reduction in bound water and the most WAS destruction was achieved by Acid-ZVI/PMS,and the optimum conditions were pH 3,ZVI dosage 0.15 g/g dry solid(DS),oxone dosage 0.07 g/g DS and reaction time 10.6 min with the reductions in capillary suction time(CST) and water content(Wc) as 19.67% and 8.49%,respectively.Four conditioning approaches could result in TOC increase in EPS layers and supernatant,and protein(PN) content in tightly bound EPS(TB-EPS).After conditioning,organics in EPS layers could migrate to supernatant.Polysaccharide(PS) was easier to migrate to supernatant than PN.In addition,Acid,Acid-ZVI/PMS or Fe(Ⅱ)/PMS conditioning promoted the release of some polysaccharides containing ring vibrations v P=O,v C-O-C,v C-O-P functional groups from TB-EPS.ESR spectra proved that both radicals of SO_4~-· and·OH contributed to dewatering and organics transformation and migration.CST value of WAS positively correlated with the ratios of PN/PS in LB-EPS and total EPS,while it negatively correlated with TOC,PN content and PS content in TB-EPS,as well as PS content in supernatant and LB-EPS.BWC negatively correlated to zeta potential and TOC value,PN content,and HA content in supernatant.     

城市废水资源化面临的挑战及其对策

城市废水资源化对于缺水城市或水资源污染严重的城市具有十分重要的意义。本文论述了当前城市废水资源化实践中面临的发展战略、立法、评价体系、水质标准、处理技术、设施建设、管理水平、公众态度等方面的障碍和挑战，提出了加强制定有关城市废水资源化的法规和政策、制定合理的回用水水质标准和规范、加强宣传教育、发展运行稳定且高效低耗的废水处理工艺以及将废水资源纳入整体的水资源管理体系等对策和建议。     

混凝法处理油墨废水色度的研究

对pH 4 .5～ 6 .5、COD 6 0 0 0～ 170 0 0 /mg·L-1、色度 10 0～ 35 0倍、SS 2 0 0～ 6 5 0 0 /mg·L-1、外观呈蓝紫色的油墨废水进行了混凝法脱色试验。对混凝剂种类及投药量、pH、助凝剂种类及投药量等工艺条件进行了优选。其中混凝剂为聚合氯化铁 ,投药量为 10 0 /mg·L-1,pH适用范围为 4 .8～ 5 .5。助凝剂为阳离子聚丙烯酰胺 ,分子量为 15 0 0万 ,离子度 4 0 % ,投药量 0 .4 /mg·L-1,处理后的废水脱色率达到 97.0 %以上     

Design of a representative and cost-effective sampling programs for industrial wastewater with examples from bleached kraft pulp and paper mills

The diagram constructed for selection of sampling methods indicates that, for a systematic error, E ≤ 13%, grab sampling (GS) may be used to characterize effluents with variation coefficient of flow ≤ 120% and of contaminant concentrations ≤ 10%. For the whole studied range of variation coefficient of contaminant concentrations (2–82%), time-proportional compositing (TC) method may be applied with E ≤ 10% for effluents characterized by variation coefficients in flow < 90%. The more complicated flow-proportional compositing (FC) method is required only for effluents with larger variation coefficients or to produce more precise results. The diagram constructed for selection of sampling frequencies indicates that sequential sampling at intervals of approximately 60 min may be applied with E ≤ 10% for effluents characterized by variation coefficients ≤ 30%. Practical application of the diagrams, constructed using normal series, was checked against monitoring data from two pulp and paper mills in Vietnam. The two diagrams provided results on sampling methods and frequencies in good agreement with those obtained from actual monitoring data with percentages of agreement cases of 80 and 75%, respectively. The approach was applied in design of a monitoring program at the Bai Bang integrated pulp and paper mill in Vietnam.     

Pressure- volume- temperature relationships of soy protein isolate/starch plastic

The use of pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) studies in processing of a biodegradable plastic composition made from soy protein isolate and corn starch is described. The ability of PVT measurements to predict the combined effects of pressure, volume, and temperature effects is demonstrated. The results show that the PVT relations of the plastic can be predicted by using a regression analysis similar to the Tait equations of state. A change in slope of the PVT curves was observed at around 80‡C, which is ascribed to the glass-transition process of the plastic. Evidence of onset of thermal degradation of the plastic was observed at ca. 160‡C under 0 to 200 MPa isobaric pressure. This thermal degradation precluded determination of the crystal melting point of the plastic.     

珠江三角洲经济区污水系统设计原则

分析了珠江三角洲经济区水环境现状；阐述了城市污水分散处理与集中处理的利弊；指出污水深度处理与回用是形成良性水循环的有效途径，更是经济可持续发展的必然要求；通过对已建排水系统存在问题的分析，探讨了珠江三角洲经济开发区污水系统的设计原则，认为污水系统规划要改变传统设计方法，应方便再生水回用，由经济、技术、地理等综合因素确定排水分区、污水厂厂址与数量，选择适合各排水区域水质水量的工艺流程，预留污水厂与再生水回用管线分期发展的空间，应优先选用国产污水处理设备，尽可能维持城市河涌自然生态。     

Mitigation of eutrophication caused by wastewater discharge: A simulation-based approach

Mitigation of eutrophication, intensified by excessive nutrient load discharge in wastewaters regulated by restrictive legal requirements, remains one of today’s most important global problems. Despite implementation of the Water Framework Directive, the Urban Wastewater Directive and the HELCOM recommendations, the actual condition of surface water is still not satisfactory. In response to the above, the study presents an alternative approach for surface water protection against eutrophication based on the selection of appropriate nutrient removal technologies. An activated sludge model simulation was used to enable the identification of environmentally justified nutrient removal systems with lowest eutrophication potential of treated wastewater conditioned by bioavailable nutrient forms content. Based on the outcome of the study, the 3-stage Bardenpho system was identified as the most efficient for bioavailable phosphorus removal, while the Johannesburg system proved to have the highest efficiency for bioavailable nitrogen removal. The proposed eutrophication mitigation approach underlines the need for a reconsideration of current legal regulations which ignore nutrient bioavailability and key eutrophication limiting factors.     

好氧MBBR处理含吲哚废水的工艺优化试验研究

为了处理制药企业废水中吲哚类有机污染物,采用好氧MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)工艺对含吲哚废水进行了试验研究,通过考察HRT、曝气量、吲哚冲击负荷等工艺条件对吲哚、COD和NH_4~+-N等去除效果的影响,确定了好氧MBBR反应器的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,在HRT在6~18 h变化时,MBBR工艺对吲哚去除率在8 h以上时达到100%,COD去除率在8 h达到89.65%,而NH_4~+-N去除率在12 h达到最高。在曝气量为0.1~0.12 m L/min时,MBBR工艺对COD和NH_4~+-N去除率分别为88.88%~92.95%和65%~66.83%。进水吲哚浓度25~65 mg/L变化时,好氧MBBR对吲哚去除率保持在100%,而对COD和NH_4~+-N去除率也保持在80%和40%以上,表明好氧MBBR工艺在处理难降解有机污染物方面具有显著优势。