With the rapid growth in the ethanol fuel industry in recent years, considerable research is being devoted to optimizing the
use of processing coproducts, such as distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), in livestock diets. Because these residues
contain high fiber levels, they may be amendable to incorporation into bio-based composites. Thus, the goal of this study
was to demonstrate the viability of using corn-based DDGS as a biofiller with phenolic resin, in order to produce a novel
biomaterial. DDGS was blended with phenolic resin at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90%, by weight, and then compression molded at
51 MPa (3.7 tons/in2) and 174 °C (345°F). Molded specimens were then tested for tensile strength. Tensile yield strengths ranged from 32 MPa (4,700 psi)
to 7.6 MPa (1,100 psi), while the engineering strain ranged from 0.6% to 1.25%. Results indicate that DDGS concentrations
between 25% and 50% retained sufficient mechanical strength and thus represent reasonable inclusion values. Additionally,
data were similar to those from other studies that have investigated biofillers. Follow-up studies should quantify the effects
of altering molding parameters, including molding pressure, temperature, and time, as well as pretreatment of the DDGS. Additionally,
strength of the DDGS composites should be optimized through the use of coupling agents or other additives.
Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the United
States Department of Agriculture and does not imply approval of a product to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. 相似文献
Chemical modification of soy protein with monomers such as maleic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate and styrene was accomplished
using reactive extrusion technology. Thermal and mechanical properties of the modified soy protein plastics were characterized
with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and a United Testing System load frame.
It was found that the denaturation temperature and the glass transition temperature of soy protein plastic changed. In addition,
the tensile properties of modified soy protein plastic improved. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR)
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the structure of modified soy proteins. A suggestion
of the interaction between soy protein and functional group in functional polymers is given. Through the in-situ interaction
between the polymer and soy protein plastic, the mechanical properties of the soy protein plastic can be adjusted and controlled. 相似文献
In recent years, many industrial enterprises located in the urban centers of China have been relocated owing to the rapid increase in urban development. At the sites abandoned by these enterprises, volatile organic compounds have frequently been detected, sometimes at high concentrations, particularly at sites abandoned by chemical manufacturing enterprises. With the redevelopment of sites and changes in land-use type associated with these sites, substantial amounts of contaminated soils now require remediation. Since China is a developing country, soil remediation warrants the usage of techniques that are suitable for addressing the unique challenges faced in this country. Land shortage is a common problem in China; the large numbers of contaminated sites, tight development schedules, and limited financial resources necessitate the development of cost-effective methods for land reclamation. Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technique that is particularly suitable for the remediation of large volatile organic compound-contaminated sites. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by conducting laboratory studies, pilot tests, and full-scale projects. This study reviews current engineering practice and developmental trends of mechanical soil aeration and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology for application in China as an emerging soil remediation market. The findings of this study might aid technology development in China, as well as assist other developing countries in the assessment and implementation of costeffective hazardous waste site soil remediation programs.
This paper addresses the weldability of 6 mm thick plates of super-duplex stainless steel by electron beam welding (EBW) process. Microstructure investigations conducted using optical and SE microscopy showed the presence of large ferrite grains with intra- and inter-granular austenite. Ferrite content studies on the weld zone estimated that there is no significant element partitioning between austenite and ferrite phases. Hardness studies portrayed that the weld hardness is found to be greater than the parent metal which is acquainted due to the solid solution strengthening effect. Tensile results corroborated that the joints obtained by EB welding process have better strength than the base metal. A detailed structure–property relationships has also been carried out through point and line mapping EDAX analysis across the weldment to substantiate the discussions. 相似文献
Aluminum–lithium (Al–Li) alloys are very attractive for potential aerospace applications due to their lower density, higher specific strength and rigidity, better corrosion and fatigue crack growth resistance properties, compared to conventional aluminum alloys. Laser beam welding (LBW), being an advanced joining method, has already been approved for applications involving aluminum alloys. However, there are still a number of problems and issues to be answered and solved in LBW of Al–Li alloys. In this review, the properties of Al–Li alloys and the characteristics of LBW are introduced, the formation and prevention of the main weld defects such as porosity and hot cracking are discussed, and then the weld microstructure and the joint mechanical properties are described in highlight. At the end, an outlook on future trends is presented. 相似文献