高速列车运行中火灾状态结构安全分析

为了分析高速列车火灾时在紧急制动以后运行的安全性,选取列车在隧道内运行的场景,通过FDS软件模拟得到火灾后车体内温度场,基于一维热传导理论得到车体结构的温度场分布,在车体结构材料本构中考虑高温对强度及刚度的弱化影响,通过ABAQUS计算列车在最大压缩载荷和拉伸载荷作用下的应力分布和垂向位移。通过分析得到车体大面积温度在500℃左右;最大压缩载荷下车体底架前部构件出现断裂失效,底架中间出现裂纹,中间的垂向位移在42～80 mm之间,最大拉伸载荷下车体损伤略小,车体未出现断裂,底架前部和中间的垂向位移在40～50 mm范围内;底架中间高温是导致断裂失效的最主要原因,在隔热设计中需要对此重点考虑。     

基于磁化水的全尾砂胶结充填体强度研究

针对某矿山全尾砂充填体抗压强度低,水泥用量大的现状,将磁化水引入全尾砂胶结充填料浆的配浆试验,通过均匀布点理论优选出最佳磁化条件,探究了磁化水-全尾砂充填体的7天、14天、28天抗压强度的变化规律以及磁化水对水泥活性的影响。研究结果表明:在磁感应强度B=1000-2000Gs,水循环流速V=1.4-2.0m/s,磁化时间T=10-20min时,磁化水-全尾砂充填模块的7天抗压强度提高19%-28%,14天抗压强度提高17%-25%,28天抗压强度提高13-15%。     

下向进路回采钢筋混凝土假顶稳定性分析

〗为确保下向进路采场高效安全回采,采用ABAQUS的损伤塑性模型对下向进路钢筋混凝土假顶进行稳定性分析,得到假顶的应力与位移分布规律,分别从假顶的应力分布、变形量对不同进路尺寸及假顶厚度的影响进行比较分析。结果表明,进路假顶产生的最大拉应力（089MPa）小于混凝土层的抗拉强度（127MPa）;最大压应力（416 MPa）小于混凝土层的抗压强度（119MPa）;假顶底部最易被拉裂位置为偏离假顶中央(05~1)m处;钢筋承载了大部分拉应力,受拉性能得到充分利用。在进路尺寸为3m×3m或者4m×3m时假顶厚度取06m,进路尺寸为4m×4m时假顶厚度取08m,假顶最大拉应力值均未超过混凝土的抗拉强度值,此时假顶较为稳定,便于进路维护与提高回采强度。研究结果对下向进路采场的安全生产提供技术保障。     

形变马氏体对奥氏体不锈钢封头性能的影响

奥氏体不锈钢因其优异的性能,被广泛应用于石油化工特种设备领域。本文针对常见的形变马氏体致奥氏体不锈钢封头泄露这一失效现象,阐述形变马氏体的产生机理、影响因素以及其对封头性能的影响,并提出相应的预防措施,旨在为不锈钢封头的制造和安全稳定运行提供参考,以减少失效事故的发生。     

API Standard 521 new alternative method to evaluate fire relief for pressure relief device sizing and depressuring system design

Since the 1950's, API Standards have provided guidance on determining relief loads for equipment exposed to pool fires. The API method is empirical based on tests performed in the 1940's. There is increasingly widespread interest in analytical methods based on heat transfer principles to model fire heat input. The API committee agreed to include an analytical method in the 6th edition of API Standard 521 to establish relief loads for pressure relief devices and to design depressuring systems for the fire scenario. The analytical method provides more flexibility than the empirical method but has limitations (e.g., too many permutations are possible leading to potential under-sizing of the pressure relief device).This paper discusses the basis for the empirical method in API Standard 521 and provides comparisons of the empirical and analytical method with two more recent large-scale pool fire tests. This pool fire test data indicates that the empirical method will provide a conservative estimate of pool fire heat input for most applications and is still the method of choice when designing pressure relief systems. However, these recent tests indicate the empirical method needs to be modified when a vessel or equipment is partially confined by adjacent embankments or walls equal or greater than the vessel height. In such cases, the wetted area exponent should be 1.0 instead of 0.82.The analytical method is useful in determining time-versus-temperature profiles for heating unwetted vessels of varying wall thicknesses and materials of construction. These profiles, which depend upon the type of fire (e.g., unconfined pool fire, jet fire, etc.), can be combined with tensile strength and stress-rupture data to specify a depressuring system's pressure-versus-time profile. This will minimize failure and/or mitigate the effects of failure due to overheating from fire exposure.     

Leaching characteristics of bisphenol A from epoxy-resin pavement materials

We investigated the leaching characteristics of bisphenol A (BPA) from two kinds of epoxy-resin pavement materials, one containing epoxy resins (EPs) and the other containing epoxy-acrylate resins (EPAs). Both samples contained residual BPA monomer, at levels of 9.0?µg?g^?1 for the EP resin sample and 4.4?µg?g^?1 for the EPA resin sample. These amounts were larger than amounts previously measured for polycarbonate samples. The amount of BPA leached from the samples increased with temperature. The leaching of BPA from EP was more strongly affected by temperature than the leaching from EPA. The pH also affected the amount of leached BPA. The maximum leached amount was observed under alkaline conditions (pH 10.8) for both sample types. The amounts of BPA that might leach from pavement materials during 1?h of heavy rain were estimated to be 0.9?µg?m^?2 for EP and 3.5?µg?m^?2 for EPA. Our results indicate that EPs disposed of in waste landfills without any treatment may be a source of BPA in leachate at landfill sites.     

基于Phase2的不同配比充填体厚度的数值模拟研究

在充填体作用机理,稳定性分析与监测,爆破地震效应,静动态特性及损伤理论等方面的研究基础上,依托安庆铜矿高阶段大直径深孔采矿法第一步骤采场的充填现状,采用Phase2软件建立了多种数值分析模型对不同灰砂比充填体厚度的充填效果进行数值模拟研究,并进行了多方案技术经济对比分析。研究结果表明:灰砂比为1∶4,1∶8,1∶10对应充填体厚度分别为10,24,22 m时,为最优方案。该充填体厚度可为矿山采场充填配比设计、充填管理及充填质量提供技术参考。     

考虑峰后软化的圆形巷道稳定性分析及工程应用

为获得更准确的巷道围岩应力分布和变形特征,基于统一强度理论,考虑围岩塑性软化和中间主应力的影响,引入塑性软化参数,推导出巷道围岩弹塑性区应力、塑性区范围和位移的表达式。通过算例分析,得到塑性软化系数和中间主应力等相关参数对巷道围岩应力分布、塑性区半径和位移的影响规律。研究结果表明:随内摩擦角软化系数和黏聚力软化系数的增大,围岩塑性区半径和位移呈现先急剧后缓慢的减小趋势;中间主应力系数对巷道围岩弹塑性应力有着显著影响,中间主应力系数越大,围岩塑性区半径和位移越小。     

Isometric Pull and Push Strengths of Paraplegics in the Workspace: 2. Statistical Analysis of Spatial Factors

The effect of reach levels, horizontal angles, and vertical angles on isometric pull and push strengths of male and female was determined. Highly significant increases in men’s push strength were found between extreme to maximum reaches, and from extreme to normal reaches. However, for women’s push strength, a significant increase was found only between extreme to maximum reach. Significant or highly significant increases were found in men’s and women’s pull strength between the horizontal angle (θ) sagittal through the active shoulder (90°) and other angles (0, 45, and 135°). However, for men’s push strength, highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angle 45° from the frontal plane, and other angles. For women’s push strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the horizontal angles 0° and angles of 90 and 135°. For men’s and women’s pull strength, significant or highly significant increases were found between the vertical angle (?), 90°, and other angles (–20, 0, and 45°). Similar increases were found for women’s push strength between the 45° angle and other angles. In the design of a workstation for paraplegics that requires pull and push forces, consideration must be given to the spatial factors.     

Performance on a Work-Simulating Firefighter Test Versus Approved Laboratory Tests for Firefighters and Applicants

Aim. Firefighters must meet minimum physical demands. The Norwegian Labour Inspection Authority (NLIA) has approved a standardised treadmill walking test and 3 simple strength tests for smoke divers. The results of the Trondheim test were compared with those of the NLIA tests taking into account possible effects of age, experience level and gender. Methods. Four groups of participants took part in the tests: 19 young experienced firefighters, 24 senior male firefighters and inexperienced applicants, 12 male and 8 female. Results. Oxygen uptake (V_O2) at exhaustion rose linearly by the duration of the treadmill test. Time spent on the Trondheim test was closely related to performance time and peak V_O2 on the treadmill test. Senior experienced firefighters did not perform better than equally fit young applicants. However, female applicants performed poorer on the Trondheim test than on the treadmill test. Performance on the Trondheim test was not closely related to muscle strength beyond a minimum. Conclusion. Firefighters completing the Trondheim test in under 19 min fit the requirements of the NLIA treadmill test. The Trondheim test can be used as an alternative to the NLIA tests for testing aerobic fitness but not for muscular strength. Women’s result of the Trondheim test were poorer than the results of the NLIA treadmill test, probably because of their lower body mass.