Multimodel inference and adaptive management

Ecology is an inherently complex science coping with correlated variables, nonlinear interactions and multiple scales of pattern and process, making it difficult for experiments to result in clear, strong inference. Natural resource managers, policy makers, and stakeholders rely on science to provide timely and accurate management recommendations. However, the time necessary to untangle the complexities of interactions within ecosystems is often far greater than the time available to make management decisions. One method of coping with this problem is multimodel inference. Multimodel inference assesses uncertainty by calculating likelihoods among multiple competing hypotheses, but multimodel inference results are often equivocal. Despite this, there may be pressure for ecologists to provide management recommendations regardless of the strength of their study's inference. We reviewed papers in the Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM) and the journal Conservation Biology (CB) to quantify the prevalence of multimodel inference approaches, the resulting inference (weak versus strong), and how authors dealt with the uncertainty. Thirty-eight percent and 14%, respectively, of articles in the JWM and CB used multimodel inference approaches. Strong inference was rarely observed, with only 7% of JWM and 20% of CB articles resulting in strong inference. We found the majority of weak inference papers in both journals (59%) gave specific management recommendations. Model selection uncertainty was ignored in most recommendations for management. We suggest that adaptive management is an ideal method to resolve uncertainty when research results in weak inference.     

Strength and workability of masonry mortars manufactured with ladle furnace slag

Ladle furnace basic slag (LFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking process. It has rarely been recovered in the past and is usually disposed of in landfill sites. Despite containing stable chemical substances of great quality, some of which are potentially hydraulic, its practical applications have been limited. This paper discusses the attractive option of using LFS in the manufacture of masonry mortars for use in the construction industry, which requires an analysis of the principal characteristics of such mortars, i.e. workability and mechanical strength. It reports on a comparative study, using standard commercial admixtures, between conventional masonry mortars and mortars manufactured with LFS as a partial replacement for sand and cement, the results of which imply considerable economic savings in sand and cement, improvements in the properties of the mortars and in overall sustainability, by avoiding disposal and conserving natural resources.     

核废料深埋处理安全性分析的热-水-力耦合模型新进展

本文介绍了国际合作项目ＤＥＣＯＶＡＬＥＸ在核废料深埋处理安全性分析的热—水—力耦合模型研究方面的新进展。     

基于Web的信息技术考试系统的设计与实现过程

基于Web的考试系统是考试的发展方向，是远程教育的一个重要组成部分．它采用B／S模型．本文分析了基于WEB系统的考试模型及功能，研究了考试系统实现的关键技术，并在具体系统中做了实现．     

“环境一号”卫星在轨测试与应用能力分析

以辽东湾沿岸大连、营口、盘锦3市为"环境一号"卫星(HJ-1)在轨应用测试典型示范区。在对HJ-1A/BCCD多光谱数据处理的基础上,选取50个样本,对生态环境及土地利用进行信息提取和测试。在GIS,GPS支持下,通过不同时相、不同卫星数据源生态环境变化遥感解译的对比分析,进行生态环境系统分类,评价其分类效果和综合应用能力,并对卫星数据应用潜力进行分析。     

检测质量监督检查结果的几点启示

分析了监督管理部门近2年对386个检测机构的监督检查结果,揭示了检测工作质量管理的薄弱环节,分别是记录管理、质量体系的建立、检测报告、设备检定/校准及管理,总结归纳了主要问题的表现形式,提出了提高检测质量的建议,以利于检测机构更有效开展相关工作。     

土壤环境机械组成特征及其分布规律

通过对甘肃省土壤环境机械组成的调查研究,较全面、系统地获得了各种土质各区域的土壤环境机械组成,找出了甘肃省土壤环境机械组成特征及其分布规律。     

Community attitudes to cystic fibrosis carrier testing in England: A pilot study

Inexpensive and accurate carrier testing for cystic fibrosis (CF) will be possible in the near future. There are no existing studies on the attitudes of English persons in the community to carrier testing for CF or any other recessive disorder. We have conducted a trial study of 166 persons at two schools, two doctors' surgeries, and a family planning clinic. Only a minority had clear pre-existing knowledge of cystic fibrosis and its genetic nature. However, over 80 per cent of those questioned expressed interest in knowing their carrier status. Although it is well known that uptake can only be assessed when a service is in place, and while further studies are required to confirm that testing will be of interest to couples of reproductive age with no previous knowledge of CF, the data strongly suggest that there will be interest in communitywide testing for CF carrier status when such a test becomes available in the United Kingdom.     

微波技术在分析检验与污染治理中的应用

综述了微波技术的特点及其近几年在分析检验与污染治理中应用的进展情况，包括消解样品、脱附、显色、干燥、萃取、污水处理、废气处理、固体废弃物处理等方面；与传统技术比较，微波技术有许多优点，其在现代工业和科学研究领域里极具推广价值和应用前景。