Advanced process systems design technology for pollution prevention and waste treatment

The paper presents a generic process synthesis and optimisation tool suitable to take up applications in the design of waste treatment systems and in pollution prevention. The main component of the technology is a generalized process synthesis representation for simultaneous consideration of reaction and separation in multiphase systems that is amenable for stochastic optimisation. The flexibility of the representation allows applications to overall process synthesis problems as well as to decomposed reactor, reactive separation and mass exchange network design problems. Applications of the synthesis framework to waste water treatments processes using activated sludge and to natural gas sweetening in hybrid membrane-adsorption processes are presented. The paper highlights the use of the systematic technology in environmental systems design and shows how novel designs of improved performance as well as optimal design knowledge can be revealed using the systematic design framework. Context abstract: Environmental process systems for waste treatment and pollution prevention become increasingly complicated to design. There is a strong need for technology that provides systematic decision support to the process synthesis team in order to enable the timely selection of processes that operate close to the performance limits of the system under consideration. Conventional, optimisation-based process design technology is severely limited by the number of design decisions they can support simultaneously as well as by the increasingly complex process models required for the meaningful mathematical representation of environmental process systems. We have devised an optimisation-based process design methodology for integrated reaction and separation systems that overcomes major limitations of existing tools. This paper illustrates the use of this technology to provide systematic decision-support to the environmental process systems designer.     

硼泥处理含氟废水的研究

在一定温度下将硼泥活化处理，用于处理５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的含氟废水，加入量为４‰，最佳吸附Ｆ－的ｐＨ值为１０．０～１１．４，去除率达９３％。吸附平衡浓度与吸附量关系符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温式，求出２０℃、２５℃、３０℃时的饱和吸附量和吸附系数。其吸附速度符合鲛岛吸附动力学方程式。     

推行垃圾的分类收集

本文阐述应用市场经济法则,用经济手段来实现垃圾的分类收集,从而建立一种新的垃圾收集的运行机制。     

废旧家电回收体系建设的思考

废旧家电作为资源已被充分认识，介绍废旧家电的回收现状和回收处置的重要性，分析回收体系建设的六种渠道，结合我国部分大中城市的回收实践，探讨并提出了回收体系建设的参考途径。     

污泥处理和处置技术新进展

通过对国外在活性污泥处理与利用技术新进展的调研，重点介绍浓缩，脱水，厌氧生物处理，焚烧，农用、湿式氧化，湿式氧化，制油，热干燥等技术的研究与应用的情况，以使活性污泥达到减量化、稳定化，无害化和资源化。     

轧钢废水全循环综合利用经济效益分析

轧钢厂废水全循环综合利用改造项目的确定，从项目设备投资，运转费用投资以及项目建成后节约用水，减少排污费等方面，阐述微观产生的经济效益，宏观产生的环境效益，揭示了该项目带来的积极影响。     

应用电化学方法处理印染废水

本文简要介绍了电化方法的原理、特点及其在印染废水处理中的应用．     

北京市医院废物产生与利用、处置现状及对策分析

根据 1 998年北京市部分医院 ( 1 0 6家 )的医院废物申报登记资料 ,整理统计了医院废物的组成和单位产生量 (公斤 /床·月 )以及废物的主要去向 ;分析了不同类型和规模的医院与废物组成比例、单位产生量间的关系以及废物利用、处置中存在的问题 ,并提出了相应的污染控制对策     

名胜古迹的环境岩土工程研究

从环境岩土工程角度分析了名胜古迹的破坏原因和特点，提出了相应的保护和治理措施．     

含油废水处理过程中优势菌群的筛选

研究了用生物法处理含油废水的微生物净化效能，对整个处理装置的各反应池中的降解菌群进行了筛选。共分离出45株菌，分别属于14个属。并测定出芽孢杆菌在曝气池、二沉法和排水口三处占优势。