同江市废旧电子产品回收处理现状调查

随着科学技术的迅速发展,电子产品给人们的工作和学习带来了方便,同时废旧电子产品的回收与利用已经成为我国经济发展的一大难题,通过对同江废旧电子产品现状的调查,提出了废旧电子产品回收处理建议。     

Survey of willingness of residents to participate in electronic waste recycling in Nigeria – A case study of mobile phone recycling

Presently, large quantities of waste mobile phones are being generated in Nigeria with a significant proportion in storage. This paper investigated the behavior of consumers in Nigeria towards this waste stream and their willingness to participate in waste mobile phones recycling. This study also assessed the willingness of consumer's to pay for a more ‘environment friendlier’ phone – the so-called ‘green phone’. We performed a principal component analysis with varimax rotation in order to condense some of our questions into a smaller set of factors. We developed a model to estimate and explain the willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for ‘green’ cell phones. The model showed that the significant predictors of willingness to pay extra for green electronics include awareness and concern about the deteriorating environment, age, and the general attitude towards the environment. About 65% of the respondents are either ‘willing’ or ‘very willing’ to drop-off no-longer-in-use electronics at a nearby recycling facility. Majority of the respondents are also very willing to pay a premium for a green phone. Considering the increasing waste generation by this sector, it has become expedient that a recycling program be introduced for these potentially harmful waste materials.     

pH值调节对红霉素膜浆中抗生素的降解作用

利用微生物法对红霉素膜浆中的红霉素药物残留量进行测定,红霉素残留量为265．88μg／mL。再通过调节pH值不同对膜浆残留红霉素的降解进一步研究。利用盐酸将膜浆的pH值调到2时,残留红霉素浓度为15．03μg／mL;降解率为94．35％。     

饮用水消毒副产物分析及相关研究进展

饮用水消毒副产物（DBPs）是消毒剂和一些天然有机物（NOM）反应生成的化合物,主要包括三卤甲烷（THMs）、卤代G@（HAAs）、卤代乙腈（HANs）和致诱变化舍物（MX）4类。本文针对氯、氯胺、二氧化氯、臭氧4种主要消毒方式产生的消毒副产物,讨论了有关分析技术的发展过程,从DBPs的前处理技术、分析技术等角度,介绍了DBPs研究领域近期所取得的进展,并展望了今后研究的发展方向。     

焦作矿区煤矸石山周围土壤和玉米作物重金属污染研究

以焦作演马矿区为例,研究煤矸石长期堆放对周围土壤和玉米作物造成的重金属污染。根据当地地形地貌在矸石堆周围呈放射状布设3条采样线,用HCl-HNO3-HF—HClO4全分解法和HNO3-HClO4湿法消解土壤和玉米样品,检测土壤和玉米（叶、茎和籽）中主要有害重金属元素（Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn）。研究表明：土壤和玉米中Pb和Zn含量超标,且距离矸石堆由近及远土壤和玉米作物中重金属含量呈下降趋势,重金属在玉米作物不同部位的富集能力表现为叶中最高,茎次之,籽最低。     

城市污水再生利用技术研究

以三门峡市为例．对污水处理厂二级出水再生利用于电厂循环冷却水补充水妁深度处理技术进行了研究。通过对污水重点污染因子的针对性分析以及污水深度处理后用于循环冷却水的工艺措施的调查。经过技术经济分析和对比,选择微涡流澄清池＋纤维过滤池＋二氧化氯消毒作为深度处理工艺,并确定了构筑物工艺尺寸、主要设备以及技术参数。     

废塑料配煤炼焦机理研究及进展

基于高温干馏技术,利用煤与废塑料共焦化技术处理废塑料可将其转化为焦化产品,实现废塑料的资源化利用和无害化处理。在此从分析煤与废塑共焦化机理方面,探究共焦化对炼焦的影响,表明添加一定比例废塑料可略提高焦炭质量,增加焦油及焦炉煤气产率,同时降低化合水产率,说明废塑料的添加提高了煤中氢的利用率。     

Assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in sludges according to the European environmental policy

The amount of sewage sludge generated in Europe is expected to surpass the 10 million tons/year in 2006 as a result of the waste water treatment process according to the Water Policy in European Union. Sewage sludge is what is left behind after water is cleaned in waste treatment plants and is characterized for this high content in nitrogen and phosphorous that could be of great importance in agriculture as fertilizer or soil conditioner. On the other hand, pollutants like metals and organic contaminants are usually removed from water and are accumulated in the sewage sludge, reaching the food chain if their concentrations are not below the safe limits established by the European legislation. The latter issue is of great concern nowadays and in this sense, different works alert against the use of the sewage sludge in agriculture arguing that serious illnesses, even resulting in death as well as adverse environmental impacts are associated to the application of sewage sludge. This work is a continuation of a former comprehensive survey on of priority organic pollutant in sludges for agricultural purposes carried out by our group in Catalonia and this time is focused on the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), one of the most toxic group of organic compounds listed in the Work Document on Sludge which is the reference tool in this field in Europe and is also included in the Stockholm Convention. Eighty eight samples were collected from the end of 2003 to April 2006 and the concentrations detected were lower than the 100 ng/kg I-TEQ limit recommended by the European legislation (EC, 2000). Thus, sewage sludges generated in Catalonia do not represent a threat to human health if they are used as fertilizers in agriculture.     

Effects of waste recovery on carbon footprint: a case study of the Gulf of Bothnia steel and zinc industries

This article analyses the impact of waste recovery on climate change mitigation on a regional scale. We focus on the EU End of Waste (EoW) policy, which aims at reducing negative impacts on the environment through the minimization of generated waste. At the same time, the EU climate objectives set challenging goals for the industry to lower greenhouse gas emissions. We argue that the goals of these two policies are conflicting: under certain circumstances, the EoW will lead into increased greenhouse gas emissions because of a number of negative feedback effects that function on multiple spatial and temporal scales.To assess the effects of waste recovery on greenhouse gas emissions, we carry out a consequential life-cycle inventory on a proposed industrial ecosystem around the Gulf of Bothnia between Finland and Sweden. The system recovers currently unutilized steelmaking dust and slag from four steel mills in Finland and Sweden and converts them into iron and zinc raw materials in a novel rotary hearth furnace. The recovered iron is led back into the blast furnace of one of the steel mills and zinc is treated in an existing zinc plant. In the European scale, the model system is significant in size, serving thus as a model for integrated EoW and carbon footprint assessments in other similar cases within the EU.The analysis reveals the relative greenhouse gas emissions from raw material extraction and production, heat and power generation, transport and the production process itself, in comparison to the present system with limited material recovery. To test the model viability, we conduct a sensitivity analysis with respect to increasing energy and production capacity. Our analysis shows that from the point of view of a single operator, material recovery may bring noteworthy reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. If the scale of the assessment is expanded beyond the confines of a single plant, however, we find limited potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through further recovery of steelmaking residues. In conclusion, we provide policy recommendations with which the EoW paradigm can provide better support for climate change mitigation on a regional scale.     

Resource productivity enhancement as means for promoting cleaner production: analysis of co-incineration in cement plants through a life cycle approach

The objective of this paper is to assess the environmental effectiveness of a strategic measure aimed at resource productivity enhancement. The cement industry has been identified as a relevant sector for this global issue, since the related production process enables the use of waste in partial substitution of raw materials and in substitution of traditional fuels. The analysis of the cement production sector in Italy has been here performed, investigating the recovery of energy from waste through co-incineration. In terms of air emissions, the emission performances of cement kilns appear independent from the use of alternative fuels at the percentages usually employed. However, in order to measure the cleanliness of a production system, systematic analysis with global perspective is needed. For this aim, the principles of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have been used for a case study analysis of an Italian active plant using an amount of recovered plastics as an alternative fuel resource. The improvement on the investigated process has been quantitatively measured as a way for cleaner production, first in terms of gross energy requirement, and then through an environmental performance comparison with a sector benchmark. The analysis has highlighted the benefits on the global environmental balance for the practice of co-incineration in the cement production process.