电渗析法再生CO2碱吸收液的初步探讨

以Na2CO3和NaHCO3的混合液作为用碱液吸收CO2气体的模拟液,用两室单阴膜电渗析装置对其在小于5V的低电压下进行脱碳处理,并且得出电渗析的方法可以增加回收液中Na2CO3和NaHCO3的浓度比,减少碳的总浓度,起到了对CO2的碱吸收液再生利用的作用。     

UF-RO-NF应用于电镀镍漂洗废水回用中试研究

采用“UF-RO-NF”中试装置处理电镀镍漂洗废水,在周期运行的工况下,考察其浓淡水回用效果以及膜通量变化情况。研究表明,该套系统淡水COD、Ni离子、电导率的平均值为70.6 mg/L、2.93 mg/L、91.1μs/cm^2,远低于该生产车间镀镍漂洗水,可以回用。浓水COD、Ni离子、电导率相对于漂洗水均有4倍以上的浓缩效果,具有一定的回用价值。整个系统在试验运行10个周期内膜通量保持不变。     

Early Responses to Acute Ozone Exposure in Two Fagus Sylvatica Clones Differing in Xeromorphic Adaptations: Photosynthetic and Stomatal Processes, Membrane and Epicuticular Characteristics

Two Fagus sylvatica L. clones were used to investigate the early responses to acute O₃ exposure (150 nL L⁻¹, i.e., 1.35× ambient hourly peak in rural Italy) and whether xeromorphic adaptations affect gas exchange, membrane, and epicuticular responses. One clone originated in a wet and temperate climate in Central Italy (Tuscany); the other clone originated in a warmer and drier climate in the southern-most part of the F. sylvatica distribution (Sicily). Because of higher base gas exchange rates, the most negative effects of O₃ exposure (gas exchange impairment, uncoupling between net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, increased membrane lipid peroxidation) were found in the southern clone. Xeromorphic adaptations (higher epicuticular waxes and stomatal density, lower leaf wettability and size) were found in this clone. Our results suggest that xeromorphism may increase O₃ sensitivity in species not adapted to face water stress, like the mesophilic F. sylvatica, when experiments are carried out with full irrigation. We present evidence describing the relationship between gas exchange and number and status of stomata. Stomatal density and the structural damage to stomata resulting from O₃ exposure did not affect gas exchange: In fact, non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis prevailed over stomatal limitations.     

膜生物反应器法处理模拟印染废水

针对人工模拟的印染废水,设计了缺氧/好氧膜生物反应器相结合的处理装置。系统经过165 d的运+行,结果表明:系统对COD和氨氮一直有很好的去除效果,稳定期COD的去除率可以达到95.0%,NH4+-N平均去除率为96.5%,TP的平均去除率低于50%,TN的去除率处在60%⁸0%之间,活性艳红染料X-3B的去除率在60%80%之间,活性艳红染料X-3B的去除率在60%⁷3%之间,出水含有少量色度。水样中长链的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚NP10EO的去除率可以达到99%,出水仅含有少量的NP1EO,NP2EO和NP。     

膜法处理垃圾渗滤液新技术实验研究

将改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX膜组合处理工艺相结合,应用于沈阳某垃圾场垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例中。通过实验,分析了COD、NH3-N等指标的处理效率以及影响因素,最终得出改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX组合工艺处理在一定程度上改善膜污染、膜堵塞等常见问题。     

Recent advances in ionic liquids-based hybrid processes for CO2 capture and utilization

CO₂ capture and utilization (CCU) is an effective strategy to mitigate global warming. Absorption, adsorption and membranes are methods used for CO₂ separation and capture, and various catalytic pathways have also been developed for CO₂ utilization. Although widely researched and used in industry, these processes are energy-intensive and this challenge needs to be overcome. To realize further optimization, novel materials and processes are continuously being developed. New generation materials such as ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promising potential for cost-effective CO₂ capture and utilization. This study reviews the current status of ILs-based solvents, adsorbents, membranes, catalysts and their hybrid processes for CO₂ capture and utilization. The special properties of ILs are integrated into new materials through hybridization, which significantly improves the performance in the process of CCU.     

Pre-oxidation enhanced cyanobacteria removal in drinking water treatment: A review

Cyanobacterial bloom has many adverse effects on source water quality and drinking water production. The traditional water treatment process can hardly achieve satisfactory removal of algae cells. This review examines the impact of pre-oxidation on the removal of cyanobacteria by solid-liquid separation processes. It was reported that the introduction of chemical oxidants such as chlorine, potassium permanganate, and ozone in algae-laden water pretreatment could improve algae removal by the subsequent solid-liquid separation processes. However, over dosed oxidants can result in more serious water quality risks due to significant algae cell lysis and undesirable intracellular organic matter release. It was suggested that moderate pre-oxidation may enhance the removal of cyanobacteria without damaging algae cells. In this article, effects of moderate pretreatment on the solid-liquid separation processes (sedimentation, dissolved air flotation, and membrane filtration) are reviewed.     

VOC的回收与处理技术简介

介绍了几种以VOC废气中回收溶剂的方法，其分析其优缺点和适用范围，对回收有困难或不经济的含VOC废气，建议采用焚烧法或催化燃烧法进行处理。     

Fabrication and performance of PET mesh enhanced cellulose acetate membranes for forward osmosis

Polyethylene terephthalate mesh(PET) enhanced cellulose acetate membranes were fabricated via a phase inversion process. The membrane fabrication parameters that may affect the membrane performance were systematically evaluated including the concentration and temperature of the casting polymer solution and the temperature and time of the evaporation, coagulation and annealing processes. The water permeability and reverse salt flux were measured in forward osmosis(FO) mode for determination of the optimal membrane fabrication conditions. The optimal FO membrane shows a typical asymmetric sandwich structure with a mean thickness of about 148.2 μm. The performance of the optimal FO membrane was tested using 0.2 mol/L Na Cl as the feed solution and 1.5 mol/L glucose as the draw solution. The membrane displayed a water flux of 3.47 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection of95.48% in FO mode. While in pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) mode, the water flux was4.74 L/(m2·hr) and salt rejection 96.03%. The high ratio of water flux in FO mode to that in PRO mode indicates that the fabricated membrane has a lower degree of internal concentration polarization than comparable membranes.     

Fatty acid fouling of forward osmosis membrane: Effects of pH, calcium, membrane orientation, initial permeate flux and foulant composition

Octanoic acid (OA) was selected to represent fatty acids in effluent organic matter (EOM). The effects of feed solution (FS) properties, membrane orientation and initial permeate flux on OA fouling in forward osmosis (FO) were investigated. The undissociated OA formed a cake layer quickly and caused the water flux to decline significantly in the initial 0.5 hr at unadjusted pH 3.56; while the fully dissociated OA behaved as an anionic surfactant and promoted the water permeation at an elevated pH of 9.00. Moreover, except at the initial stage, the sudden decline of water flux (meaning the occurrence of severe membrane fouling) occurred in two conditions: 1. 0.5 mmol/L Ca^2 +, active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) and 1.5 mol/L NaCl (DS); 2. No Ca^2 +, active layer-facing FS (AL-FS) and 4 mol/L NaCl (DS). This demonstrated that cake layer compaction or pore blocking occurred only when enough foulants were absorbed into the membrane surface, and the water permeation was high enough to compact the deposit inside the porous substrate. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a co-foulant. The water flux of both co-foulants was between the fluxes obtained separately for the two foulants at pH 3.56, and larger than the two values at pH 9.00. This manifested that, at pH 3.56, BSA alleviated the effect of the cake layer caused by OA, and OA enhanced BSA fouling simultaneously; while at pH 9.00, the mutual effects of OA and BSA eased the membrane fouling.