平片膜生物反应器中膜污染特性的实验研究

采用聚偏氟乙烯平片膜生物反应器 ,通过测定不同运行条件下的水通量研究其污染特性 ,重点考察了运行时间、操作压力、曝气状况对膜污染的影响。实际结果表明 ,在曝气量为 3m3 h、操作压力为 0 .0 2MPa条件下运行 6h后 ,膜水通量从2 4 0mL min·m2 降至 5 5mL min·m2 ,下降率超过 77%。     

新型污水处理装置——膜生物反应器

新型污水处理装置──膜生物反应器张琳，张元月（太原工业大学环境工程系，太原０３００２４）１膜生物反应器及其分类何谓膜生物反应器？污水处理中的膜生物反应器是指将膜分离技术中的超微滤组件与污水生物处理工程中的生物反应器相互结合而成的新的开发系统，英文称Ｍ...     

米菲司酮废水处理的试验探索

对米菲司酮生产中产生的高浓度有机废水（ＣＯＤｃｒ８．８×１０＾４ｍｇ／Ｌ），采用常压蒸馏－活性炭吸附方法进行试验性处理，ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率可达９５％以上，ＣＮ－去除率达９９．９％，并可回收乙醇等低沸点有机溶剂。     

热泵蒸馏应用于橡胶助剂废水预处理的研究

橡胶助剂废水属于难处理的工业废水，尤其是CBS（N－环己基－2－苯并噻唑次磺酰胺，英文名N－cyclohexy1-2-benzoth-iazole sulfonamide，简称Accelerator CBS)生产废水的COD达40000mg/L，并且含有杂环类有害化合物，难降解，难生化。经过絮凝沉淀、化学氧化、电化学法、吸附法等实验方法，处理效果都不是十分理想。采用热泵蒸馏技术对橡胶促进剂CBS的废水进行预处理实验，可使CBS废水的COD从40000mg/L降至1600mg/L，结果表明，该技术设备简单，投资少，操作方便，运行成本低，并能达到较理想的预处理效果。     

Plant Uptake/Bioavailability of Heavy Metals from the Contaminated Soil after Treatment with Humus Soil and Hydroxyapatite

Cellulose nitrate membrane filter was used for the preconcentration-separation of Cu, Co, Cd, Pb and Cr ions. The analyte ions were collected on the membrane filter by the aid of carmine. Then membrane filter was dissolved by using nitric acid. The levels of the analytes in the final solutions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The analytical parameters including pH, amounts of carmine, sample volumes etc. have been optimized. No influences have been observed from the matrix ions. The detection limits for analytes were in the range of 0.08 μg/l-0.93 μg/l. The validation of the procedure was checked by the analysis of standard reference sediment (GBW 07309). The present method has been successfully applied for the FAAS determinations of analyte ions in real samples including black tea and magnesium salts.     

THE ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF DUAL PURPOSE NUCLEAR DESALINATION OF GROUND WATER1

ABSTRACT: The economic feasibility of a large scale dual purpose (desalting water and power production) facility were evaluated. Although a site in the Tularosa basin of southern New Mexico was chosen as a case study for this analysis, it is believed that the approach and consequential results would be applicable to alternative sites in the Southwest. The basic project evaluated included: a) a ground water well field; b) a dual purpose, nuclear, desalination plant; c) a mineral recovery plant; and d) a reservoir for recreation and irrigation storage. Principle project outputs included electrical power, minerals, recreation, and water for either irrigated agricultural production or export to an adjoining river basin. Two alternative project designs were developed for detailed analysis. The first alternative encompassed all major project components. The results, in discounted net values used to assess the feasibility of the project, were essentially negative; that is, values were less than zero for full scale development. The net benefits ranged from $-986.57 million at a 5 percent discount rate, to $-1,137.528 million at a discount rate of 10 percent. In the second alternative, exportation of the desalted water from the Tularosa basin to two adjacent rivers was analyzed with somewhat better net benefits, ranging from $-382,527 million to $-478,612 million at the 5 and 10 percent discount rates.     

DESALTING SALINE WATER FOR IRRIGATION A CASE STUDY,COACHELLA AREA,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT .A case study was performed to evaluate potential applications of desalted saline water for agriculture using 2 distillation type processes and 2 membrane type processes. The investigation determined the costs and benefits associated with desalting saline water at concentrations of 1,500, 900, 400, 200, and 50 ppm. Benefits from desalting are generated by shifts to more profitable crops, reduced costs for drainage, and reduction in fertilizer and labor requirements with better quality water. Costs are based on the project features such as desalting plants, raw water diversion facilities, storage reservoirs, conveyance and distribution systems, brine disposal, blending facilities, and gypsum addition systems. Hydrologic studies determined the crop irrigation requirements, water demand schedules, desalted water storage requirements, brine disposal requirements, and size of facilities required. Reconnaissance design layouts were made for producing desalted water using a combination of 14 schemes. The study also included a review of irrigation practices. The benefit-cost ratios range from 0.4 to 1.0 for 1,500 ppm irrigation water to 0.8 to 1.0 for 50 and 200 ppm water. Investment costs per acre are high, ranging from $12,900 to $20,900. Irrigation benefits are based on the increase in production from a desert condition with no water supply to the irrigation conditions studied.     

废锌锰电池真空蒸馏法去除汞的研究

废锌锰电池回收利用中的正交实验,研究蒸馏温度、系统压强和蒸馏时间对去除汞的综合影响;寻找去除汞的最优工艺条件.根据实验结果,使用真空蒸馏的方法处理锌锰电池优化的工艺参数为:蒸馏温度500～600℃,蒸馏时间60～80 min,系统压强3000～7000 Pa.     

从水溶液中分离回收醋酸方法的评述

评述了从水溶液中分离回收醋酸的普通精馏法、共沸精馏法、酯化法和溶剂萃取法，具体分析了各种方法 特点及适用范围。建议在工业上对较高浓度的醋酸用低沸点溶剂萃取－共沸精馏联合法，对低浓度醋酸溶液采用有机胺溶剂萃取法进行分离。     

混合添加剂对PVDF平板疏水膜结构及性能的影响

以不同添加剂采用浸没沉淀相转换法制备基于无纺布支撑的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)平板疏水膜,考察了不同添加剂的加入对膜性能与结构的影响;并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力学显微镜(AFM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、接触角测量及膜蒸馏实验等对疏水膜的结构及性能进行表征。结果表明,引入混合型添加剂制备的膜具有较高通量和盐截留率,其疏水性最强,而添加剂对聚合物的晶型影响较小。以35 g/L的NaCl盐溶液为进料液对制备的平板膜进行直接接触式膜蒸馏实验,在热侧进水温度为50℃、冷侧温度为20℃的条件下,所制备的疏水膜通量最高可达12.45 kg/(m2.h),截留率为99.99%。