热耦合渗透蒸馏分离酸洗废水中HCl的传质研究

采用膜蒸馏分离废水中的HCl时常伴生着水蒸气的传质,影响HCl的分离效果。为抑制水的传质,文章考虑采用热耦合渗透蒸馏,建立了利用实验结果计算总传质系数和选择性分离系数的方程,分析了HCl-H2O体系气液平衡关系及跨膜传质推动力。研究结果表明,升高料液温度或增大料液流速均能提高HCl的总传质系数,但却降低了选择性分离系数;废水为盐酸和硫酸混合液时,能够抑制水蒸气的传质,且硫酸浓度越大,抑制作用越明显,能够同时提高总传质系数和选择性分离系数;废水中含有氯盐时,同离子效应和离子的水化作用产生的盐析效应能够抑制水蒸气的传质,提高选择性分离系数。     

膜生物反应器污水处理技术

饮用水水源的污染日益严重,对人类的健康带来了极大的危害,对净水技术提出了新的挑战。常规水处理工艺对城市生活污水、化工污水的净化很难达到排放标准,膜生物反应器污水处理技术能很好地实现对污水的彻底处理,出水水质稳定安全,完全可达日益严格的排放标准。本文对膜分离生物反应器（MS-BR）、膜曝气生物反应器（MABR）和萃取膜生物反应器（EMBR）的特点、工艺及优点进行了介绍和分析。     

MBR工艺在焦化废水处理中的应用

MBR(膜生物反应器)工艺在焦化废水处理领域的成功应用,对钢铁企业、煤化工企业节约水资源、减少废水污染物排放具有重要意义。利用电解工艺将焦化废水中有毒、有害、难降解物质去除或转化为可生物降解物质,可以改善废水的可生化性,再由MBR(膜生物反应器)工艺去除水中可生物降解的有机污染物,并通过特殊的膜结构实现水和活性污泥的固液分离。     

Electro-assisted CNTs/ceramic flat sheet ultrafiltration membrane for enhanced antifouling and separation performance

• A stable and electroconductive CNTs/ceramic membrane was fabricated. • The membrane with the electro-assistance exhibited optimal fouling mitigation. • The removal efficiency was improved by the -2.0 V electro-assistance. • Electro-assisted filtration is energy-saving than that of commercial membrane. Ultrafiltration is employed as an important process for water treatment and reuse, which is of great significance to alleviate the shortage of water resources. However, it suffers from severe membrane fouling and the trade-off between selectivity and permeability. In this work, a CNTs/ceramic flat sheet ultrafiltration membrane coupled with electro-assistance was developed for improving the antifouling and separation performance. The CNTs/ceramic flat sheet membrane was fabricated by coating cross-linked CNTs on ceramic membrane, featuring a good electroconductivity of 764.75 S/m. In the filtration of natural water, the permeate flux of the membrane with the cell voltage of -2.0 V was 1.8 times higher than that of the membrane without electro-assistance and 5.7-fold greater than that of the PVDF commercial membrane. Benefiting from the electro-assistance, the removal efficiency of the typical antibiotics was improved by 50%. Furthermore, the electro-assisted membrane filtration process showed 70% reduction in energy consumption compared with the filtration process of the commercial membrane. This work offers a feasible approach for membrane fouling mitigation and effluent quality improvement and suggests that the electro-assisted CNTs/ceramic membrane filtration process has great potential in the application of water treatment.     

膜生物反应器废水处理工艺的研究进展

膜生物反应器是近年新发展起来的高效废水处理工艺。该文介绍了膜生物反应器组合工艺的特点,综述了国内外的研究进展以及目前的应用现状,展望了今后的发展前景。      

A critical review on thermodynamic mechanisms of membrane fouling in membrane-based water treatment process

● Fundamentals of membrane fouling are comprehensively reviewed. ● Contribution of thermodynamics on revealing membrane fouling mechanism is summarized. ● Quantitative approaches toward thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are deeply analyzed. ● Inspirations of thermodynamics for membrane fouling mitigation are briefly discussed. ● Research prospects on thermodynamics and membrane fouling are forecasted. Membrane technology is widely regarded as one of the most promising technologies for wastewater treatment and reclamation in the 21st century. However, membrane fouling significantly limits its applicability and productivity. In recent decades, research on the membrane fouling has been one of the hottest spots in the field of membrane technology. In particular, recent advances in thermodynamics have substantially widened people’s perspectives on the intrinsic mechanisms of membrane fouling. Formulation of fouling mitigation strategies and fabrication of anti-fouling membranes have both benefited substantially from those studies. In the present review, a summary of the recent results on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with the critical adhesion and filtration processes during membrane fouling is provided. Firstly, the importance of thermodynamics in membrane fouling is comprehensively assessed. Secondly, the quantitative methods and general factors involved in thermodynamic fouling mechanisms are critically reviewed. Based on the aforementioned information, a brief discussion is presented on the potential applications of thermodynamic fouling mechanisms for membrane fouling control. Finally, prospects for further research on thermodynamic mechanisms underlying membrane fouling are presented. Overall, the present review offers comprehensive and in-depth information on the thermodynamic mechanisms associated with complex fouling behaviors, which will further facilitate research and development in membrane technology.     

膜生物反应器的技术研究

综合论述了膜生物反应器的设计方法,包括确定最佳水力停留时间、污泥停留时间、污泥浓度,经济性分析.     

A long-term study comparing membrane filtration with Colilert defined substrates in detecting fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in natural waters

Assessment methods for determining the presence and number of fecal bacteria and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in waters, foodstuffs, sewage effluent, and soils have evolved from multiple tube fermentations (MTF's) to membrane filtrations (MF's) to, most recently, defined substrate technologies (DST's). Mounting evidence indicates Colilert DST (IDEXX, Westbrook, ME) to be a versatile assessment technique for detecting and enumerating E. coli over a range of applications. This study compared the performance of Colilert DST with a confirmed standard MF technique using m-FC broth (Millipore, Bedford, MA) in assessing E. coli in ten different environmental water samples obtained monthly over a 3-year period from the upper Appomattox River, VA. For the duration of the study, E. coli counts measured by Colilert DST were positively correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.956; slope=0.979; p<0.0001) with E. coli counts measured by confirmed MF procedures. The results of a two-factor ANOVA revealed that Colilert DST counts compared equally to confirmed MF counts by year (p=0.974), by stream sampled (p=1.0), and by season (p=0.696). E. coli counts were significantly lower during cold season months (Dec/Jan/Feb) than during warm season months (Jun/Jul/Aug) for each year contributing to marked variation in sample quality. Counts obtained by Colilert DST compared equally to those obtained by MF across all samples and dates for the three years. Colilert DST presents a laboratory protocol that is simpler to manage, quicker to process, and easier to quantify results than MF. These factors, plus the enhanced precision and versatility of Colilert DST over the span of this three-year study attests to its suitability for testing ambient surface waters.     

膜法水处理技术的研究与应用现状

介绍了膜法水处理技术的发展历程,其应用和研究现状,对超滤、微滤、纳滤、反渗透、电渗析、渗透蒸发、液膜技术等在给水处理,废水处理方面的应用作了较全面的介绍。     

污泥浓度对膜生物反应器运行效果的影响分析

考察了膜生物反应器处理洗浴废水时 ,污泥浓度对出水水质及膜通量的影响。结果表明 ,尽管试验中污泥沉降性能较差 ,但当污泥浓度大于 2 30 0mg/L时 ,出水仍能达到《城市污水再生利用　城市杂用水水质标准》(GB/T1892 0 -2 0 0 2 ) ;出水COD随污泥浓度升高而降低 ;膜通量与污泥浓度的对数值呈线性关系。由于处理效果和膜通量两方面的因素 ,对于本试验中的原水 ,MLSS的适宜范围为 2 30 0～ 5 0 0 0mg/L。