延河沉积物的石油污染调查与分析

对延河干流和两条支流受石油污染河段的沉积物的取样分析结果表明 ,研究河段内的沉积物都不同程度的受到了石油污染。干流河段沉积物的石油污染负荷一般为 40～ 80mg/kg ,上游河段和污染支流汇入段负荷较高 ,平均为390mg/kg,最高可达 784mg/kg ;支流上的坪桥川和杏子河河段沉积物污染负荷为 6 0～ 2 5 0mg/kg。干流中下游及杏子河支流河段的污染沉积物主要来源于雨期流域表层污染土壤径流入河后的沿程沉积 ,而非雨期岸边油井的直接排污则是造成干流上游和坪桥川支流沉积物石油污染的主要原因     

Environmental aftermath of the radiation accident at Tomsk-7

An analysis is presented of the environmental effects of the most serious radiation accident recorded after Chernobyl, which occurred in the formerly secret town of Tomsk-7 in Siberia, Russia, on 6, April 1993. Fortunately, it appears not to have become a major industrial crisis or disaster. The causes of the accident are described. It is argued that a mixture of both objective and subjective prerequisites, including specific human, organizational, and technological factors, were responsible for the explosion or directly facilitated it. The Tomsk-7 accident's ecological, medical, social, and psychological consequences are discussed.     

金属尾矿废弃地的生态恢复

尾矿废弃地是一种典型的退化生态系统。本文通过对其生态恢复所面临问题的研究，讨论了尾矿废弃地生态恢复的理论和方法，分析了使用外来物种对于尾矿废弃地这一独特的退化生态系统进行恢复的可能性，并探索了尾矿废弃地生态恢复的评价标准。     

地下水污染潜势评估方法及应用

本文阐述了地下水污染潜势评估的重要性，介绍了三种方法，对其中的废物－土址－地点相互作用列表法作了详细介绍，并将ＷＳＳＩＭ法用于四川省什邡县化工开发区地下不污染潜势估。     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术研究及其前景

根据污染土壤的生物修复技术具有高效、无二次污染和操作管理简便的优点，本文介绍谊类技术在石油污染治理领域的应用。在概述石油的组成成分及其对环境造成的污染的基础上，重点论述了微生物和植物修复技术有效去除有机污染物的应用条件，并就目前两种技术的最新研究成果即基因技术的应用作了介绍，同时指出了石油污染土壤生物修复技术的发展趋势和应用前景。     

石油烃污染地下水的修复

地下水受石油烃类污染以其污染普遍、危害性巨大、去除困难以及治理费用昂贵而受到各国环境学者和水文地质学者的关注。概述了石油烃污染地下水处理技术的进展，并对今后研究发展趋势进行了讨论。     

Metal distribution characteristic of MSWI bottom ash in view of metal recovery

Bottom ash is the major by-product of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI), and is often reused as an engineering material, such as road-base aggregate. However, some metals(especially aluminum) in bottom ash can react with water and generate gas that could cause expansion and failure of products containing the ash; these metals must be removed before the ash is utilized. The size distribution and the chemical speciation of metals in the bottom ash from two Chinese MSWI plants were examined in this study, and the recovery potential of metals from the ash was evaluated. The metal concentrations in these bottom ashes were lower than that generated in other developed countries. Specifically, the contents of Al,Fe, Cu and Zn were 18.9–29.2, 25.5–32.3, 0.7–1.0 and 1.6–2.5 g/kg, respectively. Moreover,44.9–57.0 wt.% of Al and 55.6–75.4 wt.% of Fe were distributed in bottom ash particles smaller than 5 mm. Similarly, 46.6–79.7 wt.% of Cu and 42.9–74.2 wt.% of Zn were concentrated in particles smaller than 3 mm. The Fe in the bottom ash mainly existed as hematite, and its chemical speciation was considered to limit the recovery efficiency of magnetic separation.     

基于格网GIS的重点生态功能区生态系统敏感性研究:以贵州省雷山县为例

为了科学地诊断出存在的环境问题,实现对生态环境的保护,以重点生态功能区雷山县为例,结合地形、地貌与气候等数据,以格网为评价单元,构建生态系统敏感性评价指标体系。采用层次分析法、区域综合法及格网GIS技术,对评价体系中各指标进行10 m×10 m尺度下的格网化表达,运用栅格数据的空间叠加方法及生态系统敏感性评价模型,综合评价雷山县生态系统敏感性空间格局。结果表明:雷山县生态系统敏感性较高,其中非敏感区和轻度敏感区面积较小,仅占总面积的5%和13.4%;其次是中度敏感区和极度敏感区,分别占总面积的26.3%和17%;高度敏感区面积最大,占总面积的38.3%。     

中国主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征与评价分析

为了解我国主要湖泊沉积物中重金属的污染特征,通过搜集整理已公开发表的文献资料数据,分析了我国31个主要湖泊表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn 8种重金属含量的平均值及其分布特征,并运用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法对其污染程度进行评价。结果显示:我国31个湖泊的沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为16.39,0.497,6.29,36.89,0.076,35.37,99.52 mg/kg,大部分元素含量平均值的最大值分布区域较为分散。地累积指数评价结果表明:8种重金属的平均污染程度由高到低依次为Cd>Hg>Cu>Zn>As>Ni>Zn>Cr,Cd和Hg在多个湖泊沉积物中达中度到重污染。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明:8种重金属的潜在生态风险系数从高到低依次为Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn。8种重金属的总地累积指数和综合潜在生态风险具有显著的地域差异(P0.05),表明我国主要湖泊具有各自不同的重金属污染特征。     

烟草废弃物快速堆肥过程中重金属Cd形态变化特征

以烟草废弃物为原料,活性土壤为载体建立堆体,研究重金属镉的形态变化,及堆肥过程中的动态变化规律。结果表明,烟草废弃物与活性土壤混合能快速腐熟。堆肥总质量下降,重金属镉含量相对增加。重金属镉的铁锰氧化态比例增加19%,有机结合态比例在堆肥升温阶段增加,腐熟后有所下降。残渣态比例大幅度上升,增加达到5倍,且在腐熟阶段增幅最大。说明堆肥处理有利于降低重金属镉的活性。