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991.
Ti/Sb-SnO_2 anodes were prepared by thermal decomposition to examine the influence',of the amount of Sb dopant on the structure and electrocatalytic capability of the electrodes in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol.The physicochemical properties of the Sb-SnO_2 coating were markedly influenced by different amounts of Sb dopant.The electrodes,which contained 5% Sb dopant in the coating, presented a much more homogenous surface and much smaller mud-cracks,compared with Ti/Sb-SnO_2 electrodes containing 10% or 15% Sb dopant,which exibited larger mud cracks and pores on the surface.However,the main microstructure remained unchanged with the addition of the Sb dopant.No new crystal phase was observed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol on the Ti/SnO_2 electrode with 5% Sb dopant was inclined to electrochemical combustion;while for those containing more Sb dopant,intermediate species were accumulated.The electrodes with 5% Sb dopant showed the highest efficiency in the bulk electrolysis of 4-chlorophenol at a current density of 20 mA/cm~2 for 180 min;and the removal rates of 4-chlorophenol and COD were 51.0% and 48.9%,respectively. 相似文献
992.
硫高温腐蚀及腐蚀产物氧化自燃性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着炼制原油硫含量的增加,炼油装置的硫腐蚀问题也日益严重.针对硫高温腐蚀状况,用差热-热重分析仪研究硫与Fe(OH)3、Fe2O3和Fe3O4发生硫化腐蚀反应的初始温度,并采用X射线衍射仪鉴定了360 ℃高温无氧条件下硫化腐蚀产物的组成.结果表明,硫与Fe(OH)3、Fe2O3和Fe3O4发生硫化反应的初始温度分别为287.67 ℃、233.34℃和308.47 ℃;高温硫化腐蚀产物主要是FeS2.对硫化产物FeS2进行氧化反应,氧化升温曲线和耗氧曲线表明,硫化腐蚀产物FeS2具有很高的氧化自燃性,在一定条件下能引发油品火灾和爆炸等事故. 相似文献
993.
994.
This study examined o-nitrophenol removal from aqueous solutions by electrochemical oxidation employing a modified electrode. The modified electrode was produced by electrodepositing lead oxide onto a titanium substrate. Following electrochemical oxidation of o-nitrophenol-containing solutions, the remaining o-nitrophenol concentration and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were determined. The optimum parameters were current density of 40 mA cm(-2), pH of 2.47, 60 min of electrolysis time, 4 g L(-1) NaCl electrolyte solution and temperature of 30 degrees C. Under these optimum conditions of electrochemical degradation using a lead oxide/titanium modified electrode complete removal of o-nitrophenol and COD was achieved. 相似文献
995.
次氯酸钠催化氧化法处理十二碳硫醇恶臭污水 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
采用活性炭和次氯酸钠催化氧化处理含有十二碳硫醇的恶臭污水,进行了小试并取得了良好的效果。在活性炭作催化剂,反应温度为100℃,反映时间为2-3min的实验条件下,1mL1%(m/v)NaClO即可处理100mL污水,处理后的废水无色无臭,可直接排放。 相似文献
996.
Quantification of potassium permanganate consumption and PCE oxidation in subsurface materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A series of laboratory scale batch slurry experiments were conducted in order to establish a data set for oxidant demand by sandy and clayey subsurface materials as well as to identify the reaction kinetic rates of permanganate (MnO(4)(-)) consumption and PCE oxidation as a function of the MnO(4)(-) concentration. The laboratory experiments were carried out with 31 sandy and clayey subsurface sediments from 12 Danish sites. The results show that the consumption of MnO(4)(-) by reaction with the sediment, termed the natural oxidant demand (NOD), is the primary reaction with regards to quantification of MnO(4)(-) consumption. Dissolved PCE in concentrations up to 100 mg/l in the sediments investigated is not a significant factor in the total MnO(4)(-) consumption. Consumption of MnO(4)(-) increases with an increasing initial MnO(4)(-) concentration. The sediment type is also important as NOD is (generally) higher in clayey than in sandy sediments for a given MnO(4)(-) concentration. For the different sediment types the typical NOD values are 0.5-2 g MnO(4)(-)/kg dry weight (dw) for glacial meltwater sand, 1-8 g MnO(4)(-)/kg dw for sandy till and 5-20 g MnO(4)(-)/kg dw for clayey till. The long term consumption of MnO(4)(-) and oxidation of PCE can not be described with a single rate constant, as the total MnO(4)(-) reduction is comprised of several different reactions with individual rates. During the initial hours of reaction, first order kinetics can be applied, where the short term first order rate constants for consumption of MnO(4)(-) and oxidation of PCE are 0.05-0.5 h(-1) and 0.5-4.5 h(-1), respectively. The sediment does not act as an instantaneous sink for MnO(4)(-). The consumption of MnO(4)(-) by reaction with the reactive species in the sediment is the result of several parallel reactions, during which the reaction between the contaminant and MnO(4)(-) also takes place. Hence, application of low MnO(4)(-) concentrations can cause partly oxidation of PCE, as the oxidant demand of the sediment does not need to be met fully before PCE is oxidised. 相似文献
997.
Guiling?L.?ZhangEmail author Jing?Zhang Jie?Xu Jingling?L.?Ren Sumei?M.?Liu 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(6):645-654
CH4 concentrations in both the surface and bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay were determined during four surveys in 2003, which showed
variability with both seasons and tidal cycles. Atmospheric fluxes of CH4 in Jiaozhou Bay showed obvious seasonal and spatial variations, with the highest values occurring in summer and the lowest
in winter. The annual emission of CH4 from Jiaozhou Bay was estimated to be . CH4 in the water column of Jiaozhou Bay was found to come from several land-sources including riverine water input, sewage water
input and groundwater input. The spatial and temporal variation in distributions and atmospheric fluxes of CH4 in Jiaozhou Bay was influenced mainly by the input of polluted river waters and the sewage effluents along the eastern coast,
which highlights the effects of human impacts on CH4 emission rates. 相似文献
998.
Ozonation of azo dye in a semi-batch reactor: a determination of the molecular and radical contributions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Azo dye ozonation was carried in a semi-batch reactor to evaluate both the molecular and radical contributions of ozone on the dye decay. From two mass balance equations, the simultaneous determination of mass transfer, self-decomposition and solubility parameters of ozone were determinated; thus establishing the steady state conditions in the experimental system. The results of kinetic studies showed that the decay of azo dye was a pseudo-first-order reaction with respect to dye concentration and the overall rate constant increased with an increase in the pH, however declined with an increase in the dye concentration. Furthermore, from the overall rate constants obtained at various pH values a mathematical analysis of dye decay was performed, which provides a practical new method to quantify the radical and molecular contributions in the ozonation of azo dyes. 相似文献
999.
The presence of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) in drinking water is of great concern due to their adverse effects on human health. Emerging regulation limiting the concentration of DBPs in drinking water has increased demands for technologies and processes which reduce the formation of DBPs in drinking water. In this study, UV-H2O2 based advance oxidation process (AOP) was used to treat raw surface water. Experiments were conducted using low pressure mercury vapor UV lamps in collimated beam and flow-through annular photoreactors. The effect of UV fluence (0–3500 mJ cm−2) and hydrogen peroxide concentration (0–23 mg l−1) in reducing the concentration of THMs and HAAs was examined. The UV-H2O2 AOP was then coupled with a downstream biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment to assess the synergetic benefits of combining the two treatments. It was observed that UV-H2O2 AOP was only effective at reducing DBPs at UV fluences of more than 1000 mJ cm−2and initial H2O2 concentrations of about or greater than 23 mg l−1. However, the combined AOP–BAC treatment showed significant reductions of 43%, 52%, and 59% relative to untreated raw water for DBPs, TOC, and UV254, respectively. 相似文献
1000.
Fenton氧化-生物接触氧化工艺处理甲醛和乌洛托品废水 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
采用Fenton氧化一生物接触氧化工艺处理含甲醛和乌洛托品的模拟废水(简称废水),在H2O2(体积分数30%)加入量2.5g/L、H2O2与Fe^2+质量浓度比3.75、反应时间3h、不调节废水初始pH的Fenton氧化预处理最佳操作条件下,废水COD从1000mg/L左右降至300mg/L,COD去除率达72%。原废水完全无法直接进行生化处理,经Fenton氧化预处理后其BOD,/COD约为0.5,易于生化处理。Fenton氧化一生物接触氧化工艺处理废水,生物接触氧化停留时间为12h时,废水COD去除率高达94%,处理后出水COD小于70mg/L,处理效果很好。 相似文献