利用硝酸盐还原菌处理甲醇废水的研究

主要探讨了硝酸盐还原菌在缺氧条件下利用硝酸盐作为电子受体处理甲醇废水的可行性。结果表明，采用该法处理甲醇废水是可行的，最佳Ｎ／Ｃ比为１．４，ＣＯＤＣｒ去除率及ＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ利用率均可达到８０％以上。每消耗１ｍｇ的ＮＯ＾－３－Ｎ可以除２．９９２ｍｇ ＣＯＤＣｒ该值与进水浓度，Ｎ／Ｃ比及停留时间关系不大。     

Biotechnology to develop innovative syntheses using CO2

We present an overview of possible biotechnological applications for using carbon dioxide for the synthesis of chemicals. These approaches are very appealing as they contribute to the implementation of new synthetic methodologies that reduce waste and make a better use of carbon and energy. Several synthetic approaches will be considered including both the incorporation of the whole COO moiety or its reduction to other C₁ molecules. Each option will be discussed making a comparison between the natural and artificial process in order to highlight the possibility to learn from Nature and develop useful mimetic or enzymatic systems.     

变色酸法测定空气中甲醇的改进

对变色酸光度法测定空气中甲醇的方法进行了改进，在比色波长，显色时间和试剂用量等方面均作了重新选定，使精密度和准确度都有所提高，与气相色谱法比较，分析结果一致。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定水和废水中的丙烯酰胺

本文采用毛细管色谱法建立了水和废水中丙烯酰胺的测定程序。在此,以活性炭柱吸附,浓缩样品中的丙烯酰胺,用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液用ＦＩＤ测定,方法回收率为８３１～９９０％,相对标准偏差为５３４％,检出限为００１６ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

The Role of Catalyst Properties on Methanol Oxidation over V2O5–TiO2 Using Ozone

Oxidation of methanol over V₂O₅ catalysts supported on anatase TiO₂ that were prepared using sol-gel formation and impregnation procedures were investigated. The effects of incorporating Mg in sol-gel to influence the properties of the catalyst were also studied. The process provides an alternative low temperature reaction pathway for reducing emissions of hazardous air pollutant (HAPs) such as methanol and total reduced sulfur compounds (TRS) from pulp and paper mills. The bulk and surface composition of the catalysts were determined by XRD and SEM-EDAX, respectively. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the vanadia–titania catalysts showed mainly the anatase phase of TiO₂. Temperature programmed desorption of methanol from the different catalyst showed that the α and β peaks differ significantly with V content and addition of Mg. The combination of gas phase and surface reactions on the V/TiO₂ catalysts reduced the amount of ozone required for high degradation of methanol to mainly CO _x with small quantities of methyl formate. In the absence of ozone the catalysts showed very low activity. It is hypothesized that the ozone is directly influencing the V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ redox cycle of the catalyst. Oxidation of methanol is influenced by the operation variables and catalyst properties. The results of this study revealed that the V content has significant influence on the catalyst activity, and the optimum vanadia loading of about 6 wt%. Higher turnover frequencies were observed over sol-gel catalysts than with catalysts prepared by the impregnation method.     

Formaldehyde degradation in the presence of methanol by photo-Fenton process

In this study, the photo-Fenton process for the degradation of formaldehyde was investigated in lab-scale experiments. Results showed that methanol, the additive chemical in a commercial product of formaldehyde, was also decomposed during the formaldehyde oxidation reaction. The oxidation reaction was in three-stages. The first stage was the Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) reaction in which both formaldehyde and methanol were swiftly decomposed. The second and the third stages exerted a somewhat less rapid degradation of both chemicals. The first stage of the oxidation reaction can be discussed by means of the initial average rate and the third stage or Fe(3+)/H(2)O(2) stage was found to follow the first order reaction rate. The reaction was influenced by the initial pH, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, the amount of ferrous ions. The initial pH at 2.6 provided the highest removal efficiencies in this system. In addition, the competition between formaldehyde and methanol was investigated and described as r(m)/r(f), where r(m) and r(f) were the initial rates of methanol and formaldehyde, respectively. The addition of methanol exhibited a competitive effect on formaldehyde degradation. The removal of formaldehyde decreased with increasing methanol concentration. At the high concentrations of methanol, the oxidation reaction of formaldehyde was repressed. It appears that all values of r(m)/r(f) obtained from the experiments are lower than the theoretical values.     

变色酸比色法测定甲胺生产废水中甲醇

建立了变色酸比色测定甲胺生产废水中甲醇的方法,确定了最大吸收波长,优化了试验条件。方法在0mg／L-7．00mg／L范围内线性良好,检出限为0．07mg／L,标准溶液测定的RSD≤0．9％,废水样品的加标回收率为98．8％-101％。     

甲醇气体标准样品的研制

介绍了甲醇气体标准样品的制备和定值方法,考察采用重量法制备氮气中甲醇标准气体样品的重现性、标准气体的均匀性和稳定性.试验表明,甲醇气体标准样品在气瓶内均匀性良好,在12个月研制期间没有不稳定趋势.摩尔分数为149.2×10-6甲醇气体标准样品,扩展不确定度为3%,能够满足环境污染源废气中甲醇气体监测的要求.     

吹脱捕集-热解析-气相色谱法测定水中苯系物含量的探讨

建立了吹脱捕集-热解析的方法对样品进行浓缩,提高了方法的灵敏度,降低了方法的检出限。用微量的甲醇作中间溶剂,使水中苯系物这一分散体系,变为均匀稳定的单液相状态,方法的准确度和精密度较高。当进样量为3mL时,苯系物的各组分检出限在0 1～1 0 μg/L之间,浓度与峰高线性关系良好(r >0 998) ,线性范围在10 3～10 4 μg/L之间,方法的变异系数在1 0～6 5 %之间,回收率在92 7%～10 5 3%之间,该方法操作简单实用性强,能够充分满足生产要求     

Ti-montmorillonite as photocatalyst to remove 4-chlorophenol in water and methanol in air

We studied the photocatalytic activity of Ti-montmorillonite. The highest activity was found for a Ti/bentonite ratio of 10 mmol/g, prepared using HCl and calcined by microwaves. This mixture is less active than TiO₂ P-25 for 4-chlorophenol removal in water, but more active for methanol removal in air.