富磷上清液铁接触除磷工艺及影响因素

设计了一种由铁碳合金和钝态不锈钢作为电化学腐蚀两极系统的铁接触除磷反应器,首次尝试将铁接触除磷技术用于厌氧富磷上清液的处理.通过对模拟富磷上清液除磷效果的测定与分析,详细探讨了铁接触除磷工艺的影响因素,结果表明,曝气方式宜为间歇曝气,且最优曝气/停歇时间为 60 min/30 min;在进水总磷浓度为 30～50 mg/L范围内,随着磷浓度的升高,总磷去除率随之下降;而随着曝气强度、pH值的升高及水力停留时间的延长,总磷去除率随之升高;随着水温的升高,总磷去除率有波动,水温为27℃时,总磷去除率最大.将铁接触除磷工艺运用到侧流除磷方法中,最终可使出水总磷浓度达到国家<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)中的一级(A)标准.     

微量臭氧催化氧化深度处理煤气化废水

采取固定床连续式水处理方式,实验研究了在固体催化剂作用下微量臭氧催化氧化深度处理地下煤气化废水的效果.结果表明,当处理COD为300 mg,/L左右的该类型废水时,加入微量臭氧,水处理装置COD去除率提高了45％,平均1 mg的臭氧处理了2.4 mg有机物;当废水COD为200 mg/L左右,进水速度为1 L/h时,最佳臭氧投加量为每升废水20 mg左右的臭氧,此时气水比为15:1左右;同时实验发现,不同COD的废水色度均可以被有效去除.通过与其他类似的实验研究比较发现,微量臭氧催化氧化技术具有成本优势.     

转鼓式内电解装置处理水中酸性橙Ⅱ染料

设计制作了转鼓式内电解反应装置,将铁屑与活性炭按体积比为1:1混匀后装填在转鼓内,对偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ(AOⅡ)进行降解实验,考察了溶液pH、转鼓转速和溶液浓度对AOⅡ降解过程的影响.结果表明,AOⅡ降解过程符合准一级动力学方程,酸性条件有利于AOⅡ的降解,转鼓转速过快和溶液浓度过高则不利于AOⅡ的降解.解决了铁炭床长时间运行板结结块的问题.AOⅡ分子在转鼓式内电解的作用下,其可见光和紫外光区的特征吸收峰逐渐降低直至消失,并新生成更容易生物降解的对氨基苯磺酸盐.     

低浓度含砷污酸处理工艺的比较研究

比较研究了石灰中和法和石灰-铁盐法对硫化后含低浓度砷(20～50 mg/L)污酸的处理效果。结果表明,单纯采用石灰法,废水难以达标排放;而两段石灰-铁盐(氯化铁)法满足达标排放的同时,一段及二段沉淀物的浸出液中砷、镉、铜、铅和锌含量均低于危险废物鉴别标准要求(GB 5085.3-2007);其最优工艺参数为一段终了pH=2,反应时间为2 h,二段终了pH=8、Fe/As=8、反应时间为60 min、氧化剂投加量(Ca(ClO)2/As)为6∶1;正交实验结果中各参数对铁盐除砷效果影响顺序为终了pH>反应时间>Fe/As>氧化剂投加量。     

曝气-过滤一体化装置脱氮除磷的研究

曝气-过滤一体化装置将生物反应器与过滤机理有机结合,较好地维持了反应器中的高污泥浓度,实现了水力停留时间（HRT）与污泥停留时间的分离。采用连续流间歇曝气工艺对该装置的脱氮除磷效果进行了研究。实验结果表明：在HRT为8h,运行方式为曝气2h、停曝2h的条件下,COD去除率为95．55％,NH3-N未检出,TN为84．90％,TP为93．69％,出水各项指标都达到了GB8978-1996（污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准要求。     

中空柱状生物膜载体在处理工业废水工程中的应用

本文介绍新开发的一种在污水处理中的高科技产品一高效生物膜载体,通过对其在与其他处理方式各方面择比研究过程中的高找到其特点,推广新科技。     

HYDROLOGIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF1

ABSTRACT: The successful design of constructed wetlands requires a continuous supply of water or vegetation that can withstand drought conditions. Having a constant water source is the best alternative to insure species diversity throughout the season. Consequently, detention structure designs should be based on times between events as well as on hydrologic return periods, since between events is when most evaporation and infiltration losses are likely to occur. In arid or semi-arid environments, this is a difficult process because of long interevent times and seasonal changes in precipitation patterns. This discussion is predicated on the assumption that phytoplankton, epiphytic algae, and emergent vegetation require moist conditions to be effective at removing nutrients, metals and other pollutants. There are drought tolerant species of vegetation that can be used in constructed wetlands but it may take several days to re-establish the attached bacteria communities necessary for optimum pollutant removal. This paper examines a stochastic framework to examine the probability of extended dry periods based on historic rainfall data. The number of consecutive dry days is selected for a specified level of assurance. By multiplying this value by the sum of daily system losses, an overall pond volume can be determined that ensures a minimum depth of water. To illustrate the utility of the approach, the method is applied to a site in Spokane, Washington.     

Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%. ● Elevated salinity resulted in a small, complex, and more competitive network. ● Various AOB or denitrifiers responded differently to elevated salinity. ● Putative keystone taxa were dynamic and less abundant among various networks. Biological treatment processes are critical for sewage purification, wherein microbial interactions are tightly associated with treatment performance. Previous studies have focused on assessing how environmental factors (such as salinity) affect the diversity and composition of the microbial community but ignore the connections among microorganisms. Here, we described the microbial interactions in response to elevated salinity in an activated sludge system by performing an association network analysis. It was found that higher salinity resulted in low microbial diversity, and small, complex, more competitive overall networks, leading to poor performance of the treatment process. Subnetworks of major phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi) and functional bacteria (such as AOB, NOB and denitrifiers) differed substantially under elevated salinity process. Compared with subnetworks of Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosomonas (AOB) made a greater contribution to nitrification under higher salinity (especially 3%) in the activated sludge system. Denitrifiers established more proportion of cooperative relationships with other bacteria to resist 3% salinity stress. Furthermore, identified keystone species playing crucial roles in maintaining process stability were dynamics and less abundant under salinity disturbance. Knowledge gleaned from this study deepened our understanding of microbial interaction in response to elevated salinity in activated sludge systems.     

某污水处理厂CAST工艺的脱氮性能评价

通过对某污水处理厂循环活性污泥法工艺(cyclic activated sludge technology, CAST)中选择池、缺氧池和好氧池中氮组分和污泥浓度进行测定,结合污泥活性、同步硝化-反硝化(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, SND)速率及饱食-饥饿(feast-famine)批次实验,评价该处理工艺的脱氮性能。结果表明,好氧池内同步硝化-反硝化和沉淀过程中的内源反硝化(endogenous denitrification, ED)脱氮对总氮去除的贡献占据主导,分别为(35.50±4.15)%和(62.86±4.13)%,而缺氧池反硝化(DEN)脱氮贡献仅为(1.64±0.05)%;溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)浓度对CAST工艺脱氮性能有极大影响,控制好氧池中DO浓度为1~1.5 mg·L⁻¹时可获得最佳脱氮效果,CAST工艺的TN去除率可达84.51%;饱食-饥饿批次实验证明,饥饿时长为36 h时对乙酸(HAc)的吸收能力最强,可达每1 g VSS消耗0.173 g HAc,依此可推算出CAST工艺的最佳回流比为45%。