不同环境条件下黑土对四溴双酚A的吸附动力学特征

采集吉林省松源农田的黑土样品,研究四溴双酚A在黑土中的吸附动力学特征,并探讨了pH值、离子强度(CaCl_2)、温度等不同环境条件对吸附动力学的影响。结果表明,四溴双酚A在黑土中的吸附过程可以分为快速吸附阶段(0~4 h)和慢速吸附阶段(4~48h),并于48 h达到吸附平衡。黑土对四溴双酚A的吸附符合拉格朗日准二级动力学方程和内扩散模型,表明该吸附过程以化学吸附为主,而吸附过程的限速步骤为颗粒间扩散。pH值等环境条件对吸附有明显影响,当pH值在6~9时,随pH值降低,黑土对四溴双酚A的吸附速率加快且平衡吸附量增加;离子强度(CaCl_2)为0.001 mol/L、0.01 mol/L、0.1 mol/L时,离子强度增大,黑土对四溴双酚A的吸附速率加快但平衡吸附量减小;温度为15℃、25℃、35℃时,随着温度升高,黑土对四溴双酚A的吸附速率加快且平衡吸附量增加。     

凹凸棒石对十八胺吸附的实验研究

利用天然凹凸棒石对难降解的十八胺进行吸附研究,并对天然凹凸棒石粘土结构和性质进行分析表征,重点研究了固液比、时间、p H值和温度对十八胺在凹凸棒石上吸附的影响.结果表明,十八胺在凹凸棒石上的吸附受p H和温度的影响明显,并且符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温线,由Langmuir吸附等温线(293 K)得出的饱和吸附容量为143.92 mg·g-1.凹凸棒石作为天然粘土有望成为处理十八胺的理想吸附材料.     

核桃青皮生物炭对重金属铅、铜的吸附特性研究

采用500℃限氧裂解法将农林废弃物核桃青皮制成核桃青皮生物炭,进行了核桃青皮生物炭对铅、铜的批量吸附实验.同时,利用扫描电镜、FTIR红外等方法探讨了核桃青皮炭吸附Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)的特性,探究了吸附时间、溶液初始浓度、吸附温度、吸附剂投加量、溶液初始pH等因素对核桃青皮生物炭吸附Pb~(2+)、Cu~(2+)作用的影响,讨论了吸附动力学特性及吸附等温特性.结果表明:温度298.15 K、pH为3~6条件下,核桃青皮生物炭吸附Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)在20 min内即可达到吸附平衡,核桃青皮炭最佳投加量分别为0.8、1.5 g·L~(-1),最大吸附量分别为476.190、153.846 mg·g~(-1);吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir方程,说明其吸附过程主要是近似单分子层的化学吸附.     

铜藻基载铁活性炭的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性研究

以一种大型海藻——铜藻为原料,Fe Cl3·6H2O为活化剂,采用超声浸渍-原位合成法制备了铜藻基载铁活性炭(Fe/SAC),并以活性炭得率和亚甲基蓝吸附值为指标,通过正交法考察了活化温度、活化时间和浸渍比的影响.同时,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和比表面积分析仪对最优结果进行表征,并考察了Fe/SAC吸附亚甲基蓝的热力学与动力学特性.结果表明,Fe/SAC的最优制备工艺条件为活化温度600℃、活化时间1 h、浸渍比1∶1,此时的活性炭得率为39.5%,亚甲基蓝吸附值为255.67 mg·g~(-1);最优工艺条件下制得的Fe/SAC比表面积为558.31 m2·g~(-1),其负载的铁组分主要为Fe3O4和Fe O;亚甲基蓝在Fe/SAC上的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,Langmuir等温吸附模型能够很好地描述吸附平衡过程,该吸附是熵增加的自发吸热(ΔS0、ΔG0、ΔH0)过程,升温有利于吸附.     

榕树树叶对废水中亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

本研究以榕树树叶为吸附剂,考察了在投加量、p H、温度、吸附时间不同因素下对亚甲基蓝去除率的影响。建立正交实验,结果表明榕树树叶粉末吸附亚甲基蓝的最佳条件是当初始浓度为100mg/L,投加量为0.5g、p H为8、温度为35℃、吸附时间为75min时,去除率最高,达到99.05%。吸附动力学过程可用准一级反应动力学方程来描述,等温吸附过程可由Freundlich吸附等温式来描述,榕树树叶粉末对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程是一个吸热过程。实验证明榕树叶是一种具有潜力的亚甲基蓝吸附剂。     

Fate and transport of the β-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter(OM).Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. Less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil:water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.     

Experimental investigation of adsorption capacity of anthill in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution

In the present work, the adsorption capacity of anthill was investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent to remove the heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion (Pb²⁺), and zinc (II) ion (Zn²⁺) from an aqueous solution. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of the heavy metal ions were investigated under batch process. For the study we examined the effect of the solution's pH and the initial cations concentrations on the adsorption process under a fixed contact time and temperature. The anthill sample was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. From the SEM analysis, structural change in the adsorbent was a result of heavy metals adsorption. Based on the XRF analysis, the main composition of the anthill sample was silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), and zirconia (ZrO₂). The change in the peaks of the spectra before and after adsorption indicated that there was active participation of surface functional groups during the adsorption process. The experimental data obtained were analyzed using 2‐ and 3‐parameter isotherm models. The isotherm data fitted very well to the 3‐parameter Radke–Prausnitz model. It was noted that Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ can be effectively removed from aqueous solution using anthill as an adsorbent.     

地下水-土系统中PAHs复合污染吸附/解吸机理研究进展

地下水-土系统中多环芳烃类(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染是目前研究的热点问题之一,研究焦点正逐步由单一污染向复合污染转变,而在地下水-土系统中PAHs复合污染的吸附/解吸机理是其调查与修复研究的关键问题。结合目前国内外研究进展,对重金属、非金属类物质与PAHs复合污染时竞争性吸附/解吸机理、热力学特征和影响因素等方面的研究进行评述,认为今后的研究方向是PAHs与复合污染物间交互作用的定量分析,分子水平竞争性吸附/解吸机理研究,生物吸附、化学吸附与PAHs生物毒性影响关系研究等方面,随着上述工作的逐渐深入,必将推进地下水-土系统中复合污染的研究进程。     

磁分离技术在水处理中的研究与应用进展

磁分离技术具有分离速率快、效率高、无二次污染、占地少、投资低、操作方便等优点,在水处理领域得到了越来越多的研究和应用,特别是随着超导高梯度磁分离技术以及磁分离器设计的进一步发展,其在水处理领域极具潜能.因此,本文通过文献调研,分析和总结了目前主要磁分离技术(例如,磁场直接应用、磁絮凝-磁分离、磁吸附-磁分离、磁催化-磁分离及磁分离耦合技术)在水处理领域的研究进展,介绍了近年来磁分离技术在国内水处理行业中的研究与实际工程应用推广现状,分析了磁分离技术应用于水处理领域的优势和当前应用中存在的限制,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.虽然磁分离技术目前已经成为水处理领域一项广泛应用的分离技术,但在机理研究、特异性磁种制备、磁体技术与磁分离器设计、磁分离工艺优化及实际的工程应用推广上仍存在一定的滞后,需要进一步的开展研究工作.     

柠檬酸对核电站低放废液中110mAg吸附去除性能的影响

具有γ放射性的~(110m)Ag是核电站放射性废液中的主要核素之一,半衰期长,并且可以通过食物链在海洋生物中富集,研究其高效去除技术具有重要的意义.核电站化学去污过程加入的络合剂(如柠檬酸)对~(110m)Ag的化学形态和吸附性能有重要的影响.因此,本文首先模拟核电站水化学环境,研究了柠檬酸对~(110m)Ag化学形态的影响规律,其次研究了不同形态的~(110m)Ag物种在几种优选材料上的吸附性能.结果表明,由于核电站放射性废液的来源不同,柠檬酸与~(110m)Ag同时形成离子态络合物和~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸纳米金属复合物;采用过氧化氢与紫外线联合高级氧化的方法能够破坏柠檬酸络合离子及~(110m)Ag0/柠檬酸复合物结构,形成单独的离子态~(110m)Ag+,从而有效地提高了~(110m)Ag物种的吸附去除性能.