胺型腰果酚醛树脂对Ag~+的吸附

制备了3种胺型腰果酚醛树脂(二乙撑三胺型腰果酚醛树脂(PCD)、己二胺型腰果酚醛树脂(PCE)、己二胺型腰果酚醛树脂(PCH)),采用XPS(X-射线光电子能谱仪)、EA(元素分析仪)、FTIR(傅利叶变换红外光谱分析仪)等手段研究了其结构特征,并考察了其对水溶液中Ag+的吸附行为和机理.结果表明,3种树脂对Ag+有较高的吸附量和吸附作用;在pH值为5.5的条件下,树脂对Ag+的吸附效果最佳;2h内吸附达到平衡;吸附行为均符合Lagergren准二级速率方程;树脂对Ag+的吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附方程;吸附反应为自发吸热和熵增的过程;可溶性无机盐对树脂吸附Ag+的影响不大;推测其吸附机理是树脂上胺基、羟基与Ag+发生较强的配位作用和较弱的离子交换作用的化学吸附为主.吸附Ag+后的树脂可用硝酸脱附再生;树脂循环使用4次后,吸附率和脱附率仍大于90%.     

Adsorptive removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D dye from aqueous solution using low-cost agricultural waste: batch and column study

This study involves the utilisation of peanut husk for the removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D dye from aqueous solutions. Batch study experiments were conducted with native, HNO₃-treated and Na-alginate-immobilised peanut husk biomass. Maximum dye removal (95.24 mg/g) was obtained with HNO₃-treated biomass. The experimental data were successfully explained with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for all types of biosorbents. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. A thermodynamic study was also carried out to check the nature of the adsorption process. A fixed-bed column study for Drimarine Red HF-3D was carried out to optimise the effect of bed height, flow rate and initial dye concentration using peanut husk biomass. The column study showed that biosorption capacity increased with the increase in initial dye concentration and bed height, but decreased with increased flow rate. Data for Drimarine Red HF-3D were in very good agreement with the bed depth service time model. Fourier transform infrared analysis demonstrated the involvement of different functional groups in dye biosorption. These results showed that peanut husk biomass possessed good potential for the removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D from aqueous solution.     

Reuse of heavy metal-accumulating Cynondon dactylon in remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals

Phytoremediation technology is regarded as a simple and efficient way to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil. A reasonable disposal of metal hyperaccumulators is always and resource-saving. The a major issue in waste reuse heavy metal-accumulating Cynondon dactylon （L.） was investigated where heavy metals were desorbed by a facile acid-treatment. The result indicated that more than 90% of heavy metals （Zn, Pb and Cu） was extracted from Cynondon daetylon with 0.2 mmol· L^-1 HCl. The plant residue was used to adsorb heavy metals ions. The adsorption fitted the Langmuir isotherm model with the saturation adsorption capacity of 9.5 mg·g^-1 Zn^2＋, 36.2 mg·g^-1 Pb2＋ and 12.9 mg·g^-1 Cu^2＋, and the surface eomplexation and the backfilling of heavy metal imprinting cavities existed simultaneously during the adsorption. The treatment of wastewaters indicated that the plant residue exhibited a high removal rate of 97% for Cu. Also, the material could be recycled. The method offers a new disposal approach for heavy metal hyperaccumulator.     

高含沙体系中影响硝基氯苯迁移转化因素的研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了去除腐殖质的黄河泥沙对硝基氯苯的吸附规律及机理.实验结果表明,灼烧后的泥沙对硝基氯苯的吸附量随着平衡质量浓度的增加而增高,随粒径的减少而降低.含沙量100 g/L条件下,泥沙中的矿物成分的吸附占总吸附量的71%～82%;腐殖质吸附量占总吸附量的18%～29%.灼烧后的泥沙对硝基氯苯的吸附量随pH值变化较大,pH在6.66左右时吸附量最高.金属离子的存在使吸附量增加,不同金属离子的存在引起吸附量变化的程度不同.     

生物沸石床污水脱氮效果及机理

研究了生物沸石床对模拟村镇生活污水中各形态氮及COD等污染物的去除效果结果表明,生物沸石床对NH₃^--N去除效果明显且稳定,去除率大于95%,对NO₃^--N的去除则受水力停留时间的影响较大从机理分析,生物沸石对NH₃-N的去除主要依靠化学吸附、离子交换以及生物硝化的协同作用,而对NO₃^--N的去除主要依赖反硝化作用.生物沸石的硝化作用明显,并受溶解氧浓度限制,沸石床中部沸石硝化强度只有表层沸石的1/2;其反硝化能力则随实验条件中C/N的不同而变化明显,当COD/TN=5时,反硝化作用最强,在时间变化规律上,前6h反硝化速率最大.     

聚硫代酰胺修饰活性炭对Au(Ⅲ)的选择性吸附效果与机制

通过在活性炭(AC)上原位合成聚硫代酰胺(PTA),成功制备了一种聚硫代酰胺修饰的活性炭基吸附材料(AC-PTA),研究其对废水中三价金[Au(Ⅲ)]的选择性吸附效果及机制.结果表明,AC-PTA在较宽的pH范围(＜5.0)内对多金属离子共存溶液中的Au(Ⅲ)表现出优异的选择性吸附性能,Au(Ⅲ)的剩余浓度小于0.1m...     

微生物对沉积物主要化学组分吸附重金属能力的影响

通过松花江水中微生物与铁、锰氧化物和腐殖酸形成的复合物质的比表面积及吸附Pb、Cd能力的分析,探讨微生物对沉积物中主要化学组分理化性质的影响及机理.结果表明:锰氧化物的比表面积大于铁氧化物和腐殖酸,与微生物结合后比表面积均不同程度增加. 固体物质的比表面积与吸附Pb和Cd的能力并不完全一致,与它们对重金属的吸附机制不同有关.复合物质的的吸附能力并不符合加和模型,微生物的存在掩盖了铁、锰氧化物和腐殖酸表面部分官能团,造成了复合物质的吸附量小于各组分的吸附量之和.     

超声场中活性炭上Zn2+的吸附/脱附

采用静态条件,考察了超声波对活性炭上Zn2+吸附/脱附性能的影响.结果表明,有/无超声作用下,活性炭对Zn2+的吸附率均随Zn2+初始浓度的增加而减少,该吸附过程属于优惠吸附, Langmuir模型能更好描述该过程,超声的引入对活性炭吸附Zn2+有一定抑制作用.脱附研究发现,在蒸馏水介质中,Zn2+脱附率仅为2.11%,加入超声后Zn2+的脱附率提高至20.8%,添加NaOH后脱附率明显增加,有/无超声作用下的脱附率分别为40.1%和33.1%.动力学分析表明,Zn2+在活性炭上的吸附/脱附均符合2级反应动力学.     

Removal of selenite using ‘waste’ Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide: Adsorption kinetics and isotherms

Removal of selenite [Se (IV)] from aqueous solution on to industrial solid ‘waste’ Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide as adsorbent was investigated in the present article. Maximum adsorption was found to be at pH 4.0. Pretreated Fe(III)/Cr(III) hydroxide was found to be more efficient for the removal of selenite compared to untreated adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms have been studied. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (Q ₀) of the pretreated and untreated adsorbents was found to be 15.63 and 6.04?mg?g^?1, respectively. The adsorption process fit into the second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in the temperature range 32 to 60°C. Coexisting anions vanadate and phosphate significantly affect the adsorption of selenite for both the pretreated and untreated adsorbents. Molybdate, thiocyanate, sulphate, nitrate and chloride do not significantly affect the removal of selenite for pretreated adsorbent.     

Indigo carmine removal by charcoal from rice bran as an agricultural by-product

On the utilization of agricultural by-product, charcoal from rice bran was produced. The adsorption characteristics of indigo carmine onto charcoals from rice bran were investigated by the batch method. The yield and surface area of charcoal were decreased and increased with increase of carbonization temperature, respectively. The removal ratio of indigo carmine was high with the charcoal carbonized at higher temperature. In the relationship between the amount of indigo carmine adsorbed and the square root of elapsed time, a good linearity was recognized. The kinetic constant of adsorption removal for indigo carmine was rapid in the charcoal carbonized at higher temperature. The adsorption characteristics for indigo carmine removal by charcoal from rice bran were dominated by the value of their surface area.