Electropolymerized poly（Toluidine Blue）-modified carbon felt for highly sensitive amperometric determination of NADH in flow injection analysis

Poly(pheniothiazine) films were prepared on a porous carbon felt (CF) electrode surface by an electrooxidative polymerization of three phenothiazine derivatives (i.e.,Tthionine (TN), Toluidine Blue (TB) and Methylene Blue (MB)) from 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0). Among the three phenothiazies, the poly(TB) film-modified CF exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) at +0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The poly(TB) film-modified CF was successfully used as working electrode unit of highly sensitive amperometric flow-through detector for NADH. The peak currents (peak heights) were almost unchanged, irrespective of a carrier flow rate ranging from 2.0 to 4.1 mL/min, resulting in the measurement of NADH (ca. 30 samples/hr) at 4.1 mL/min. The peak current responses of NADH showed linear relationship over the concentration range from 1 to 30 mol/L (sensitivity: 0.318 A/( mol/L); correlation coefficient: 0.997). The lower detection limit was found to be 0.3 mol/L (S/N = 3).     

Acid Blue 25 adsorption on base treated Shorea dasyphylla sawdust: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and spectroscopic analysis

The potential of base treated Shorea dasyphylla (BTSD) sawdust for Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) adsorption was investigated in a batch adsorption process. Various physiochemical parameters such as pH, stirring rate, dosage, concentration, contact time and temperature were studied. The adsorbent was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis. The optimum conditions for AB 25 adsorption were pH 2, stirring rate 500 r/min, adsorbent dosage 0.10 g and contact time 60 min. The pseudo second-order model showed the best conformity to the kinetic data. The equilibrium adsorption of AB 25 was described by Freundlich and Langmuir, with the latter found to agree well with the isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of BTSD was 24.39 mg/g at 300 K, estimated from the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were determined. It was found that AB 25 adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic.     

Simulated-sunlight-activated photocatalysis of Methylene Blue using cerium-doped SiO2/TiO2 nanostructured fibers

Cerium-doped SiO₂/TiO₂ nanostructured fibers were fabricated by electrospinning technology. The prepared fibers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using the fibers as catalysts, photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) aqueous solution was carried out under simulated sunlight. The 0.2% Ce doping proved to be the optimal concentration for the doping of TiO₂/SiO₂, compared to other Ce-doped molar concentrations. The 0.2% Ce-doped SiO₂/TiO₂ fibers exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than industrial Degussa P25 and the samples doped with only Ce or SiO₂. The reasons for improving the photocatalytic activity were also discussed. Several operational parameters were studied, which showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of MB was influenced by parameters such as the initial dye concentration, the initial pH, inorganic anions, and so on. In addition, the influences of an electron acceptor and a radical scavenger suggested that OH was the dominant photooxidant during the photocatalytic process. The reuse evaluation of the fibers indicated that their photocatalytic activity had good stability.     

PBS基共聚物对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响研究

采用人工土壤法,以蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的变化为指标,研究了不同分子量可生物降解材料聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/聚己内酯(PBS-co-PCL)共聚物对蚯蚓的急性毒性。研究结果表明:数均分子量为8.0×103和1.6×104实验中,蚯蚓蛋白质均表现出随PBS-co-PCL含量的增大而减小的趋势,但最终蛋白质含量与空白实验基本一致;数均分子量为2.8×104的PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓的影响比较小,不随共聚物含量的增加而变化,与空白实验基本保持相同水平。以上结果表明:不同分子量PBS-co-PCL对蚯蚓体内蛋白质含量的影响不大,对蚯蚓是安全的。     

光催化/内电解协同处理分散蓝E-4R的研究

建立了微波无极紫外光催化氧化/内电解协同处理印染废水的新工艺。采用微波无极紫外光,以活性炭为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理分散蓝E-4R模拟废水。研究结果表明:协同工艺中主要是通过内电解过程产生的Fe3+捕获光电子来提高光催化作用的效率,而通过Fe2+催化H2O2形成光Fenton反应生成.OH的效应则较小。在曝气量为0.5 L/min、pH为5、铁屑投加量为40 g、染料初始浓度为50 mg/L时,分散蓝E-4R的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到99.56%、68.45%。     

Ag掺杂改性TiO_2催化降解水体中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

邻苯二甲酸酯是环境中普遍存在的有机污染物(内分泌干扰物)之一。通过湿式机械混合法制备Ag掺杂改性TiO2催化剂。光催化降解实验的结果表明Ag掺杂浓度为1×10-4mol/g,焙烧温度为400℃下所得的催化剂活性较好。对降解体系的研究表明,当催化剂的投加量为0.1~0.3 g/L、pH=5~8时降解效率较高(62.0%)。相对于催化剂的降解过程而言,其吸附作用是比较小的,而是以光催化反应为主。并利用荧光光谱对催化剂的性能进行了初步表征。     

基于g-C3 N4研究环境中甲氧苄啶的光降解行为及其毒性

为研究残留抗生素在不同环境介质中的可见光降解行为特征,借助非金属和生物相容的石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）构建恒温恒湿和快速模拟可见光降解的实验环境,考察甲氧苄啶（TMP）进入不同环境（水、大气颗粒物和土壤）中的光降解过程与机制,并深入探讨TMP降解前后毒性变化规律.结果表明,用氙灯模拟太阳光和g-C₃N₄共存下,水、大气颗粒物和土壤中TMP经光照3 h后降解率分别为89.2%、35.8%和16.9%,同时发现参与水体TMP光降解的主要活性物质是·OH,而在大气颗粒物和土壤介质中光降解过程主要受·O₂^-控制.与大气颗粒物、土壤相比,水中TMP光解后可生成较为稳定的羰基化中间产物（m/z,305）,水生毒性试验结果表明TMP光解产物对斜生栅藻表现出较原药更强的毒性,可显著抑制藻细胞生长率、叶绿素a和b的含量,并引起细胞氧化应激.     

Chemical and photochemical transformation of fenamiphos—an organophosphorus nematicide

Fenamiphos, an organophosphorus nematicide and its hydrolysis product 4‐methylthio‐m‐cresol under dye‐sensitized photo‐oxidative conditions yielded the corresponding sulfoxide analogs. Under UV‐photolytic conditions, fenamiphos in methanol solution gave mainly the cleavage products. To obtain standards of the oxidative degradation products/metabolites in larger quantities, fenamiphos and fenamiphos phenol was chemically transformed to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone. Their structures were confirmed by ‘HNMR and mass spectra.     

UV/TiO2去除水中磺胺甲 唑的动力学及影响因素分析

采用UV/TiO2工艺去除磺胺甲 唑(SMX),研究了SMX在纳米TiO2(Degussa P-25)悬浆体系中的光催化去除效果,考察了TiO2投加量、SMX初始质量浓度、pH值、CO32-和叔丁醇等因素对SMX去除效果的影响.结果表明,UV/TiO2工艺可以有效地去除水中的SMX,其反应过程符合拟一级反应动力学模型.当TiO2投加量为500mg/L,SMX初始质量浓度为5mg/L,反应液pH值为7时,SMX的去除率达到98.76%,反应速率常数k为0.1438min-1,半衰期t1/2为4.82min.相同条件下,反应速率在TiO2投加量为500mg/L 时最大,pH7时最大,并随SMX初始质量浓度增加而降低.少量CO32-投加不利于SMX的去除,但大量CO32-投加明显促进反应速率.叔丁醇对SMX光催化去除存在显著的抑制效果.同时引入和计算了每一对数减小级电能输入(EEo)指标以评价该工艺的电能利用效率.     

Photocatalytic degradation of phosphamidon using Ag-doped ZnO nanorods

The photocatalytic degradation of the organo-phosphorous pesticide phosphamidon at low concentration in aqueous solution on Ag-doped ZnO nanorods was investigated. Nanosized Ag-doped ZnO rods were synthesized by using a microwave assisted aqueous method. High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizing agent. Composition and structure were investigated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD pattern reveals that ZnO nanorods are of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size calculated from Scherrer's relation was found to be 30?nm. The effects of catalyst loading, pH value, and initial concentration of phosphamidon on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency using Ag-doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst have been discussed. The results revealed that Ag-doped ZnO nanorods with a diameter of 30?nm showed highest photocatalytic activity at a surface density of 1?g?dm^?3. The catalyst doped with 0.2?mol% Ag is effective for the degradation of phosphamidon with visible light. This opens a new possibility to decompose pesticides that are present in wastewater.