南洋楹根瘤菌株分离和应用的研究初报

南洋楹根瘤菌株分离和应用的研究初报潘超美，杨风，李幼菊（广东省土壤研究所，广州５１０６５０）ＰｒｅｌｉｍｉｎａｒｙＳｔｕｄｙｏｎＩｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＮｏｄｕｌｅＢａｃｔｅｒｉａＳｔｒａｉｎｓｏｆＡｌｂｉｚｉａＦａｌｃａｔ...     

Characteristics of microorganisms isolated from technogenic soils of the Kama region

Microorganisms capable of degrading monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and several chlorinated aromatic compounds were isolated from soils polluted with industrial waste from chemical plants. They were identified as representatives of the genera Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Cellulomonas, Arthrobacter, and Brevibacterium. Among them, bacteria capable of utilizing xenobiotics in a wide range of ambient temperatures and pH and in the presence of high sodium chloride concentrations were revealed.     

Three Different Topics for Bioremediation Application on Soils and Waters Contaminated with Aromatic Compounds, by Using Immobilized Bacteria

Molecular techniques and modelling are presented as powerful tools required in the performance of efficient soil and water bioremediation systems. An Escherichia coli CC118-D strain was constructed by inserting the Klebsiella pneumoniae hpa B gene, coding for the unstable 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase, into its chromosome. When the constructed strain was immobilized, both enzyme stability and viability increased along the studied period, in absence of antibiotic. We proposed this strategy as an approach to overcoming plasmid instability and to enhance enzyme activity and stability, avoiding antibiotic utilization. A model was developed to understand and predict the behaviour of bacteria and pollutants in a bioreactor system, considering: fluid dynamics, molecular/cellular scale processes and biofilm formation.     

江苏泰州城市霾天和沙尘天气溶胶中细菌群落结构特征研究

近年来,空气污染已成为长三角地区最关键的环境问题之一,气溶胶颗粒物(PM)是最主要的污染物之一.生物气溶胶作为颗粒物的重要组成部分,可能对空气质量和人体健康产生不利影响.利用高通量测序方法研究了江苏省泰州2019年11月至2020年1月期间发生沙尘和霾污染时生物气溶胶中细菌群落结构组成特征.结果表明:冬季沙尘天和霾天气...     

重金属吸附菌处理含锌废水的研究

从污水厂活性污泥中分离筛选出3株对重金属锌吸附能力较强的菌株,考察了pH值、温度和Zn2+质量浓度对菌株吸附含锌废水的影响。结果表明,菌株Z-5-2在pH=7.0、温度30℃、Zn2+质量浓度为200mg/L时吸附效果最好;菌株Z-5-3在pH=6.0、温度28℃、Zn2+质量浓度为250mg/L时吸附效果最好;菌株Z-5-4在pH=7.0、温度28℃、Zn2+质量浓度300mg/L时吸附效果最好。其中,菌株Z-5-4吸附能力最强,吸附率可达95.5%,对菌株Z-5-4进行16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定Z-5-4为产吲哚金黄色杆菌。     

理化因素对锰细菌Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus MN1409氧化Mn2+的影响

Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus MN1409是1株分离自锰矿样品的高效锰氧化细菌。为了建立该菌株氧化Mn2+的适宜条件,研究了接种量、装液量、摇床转速、温度、pH值、Fe2+初始质量浓度和Mn2+初始质量浓度等理化因素对其锰氧化效率的影响。结果表明,接种量、装液量、转速和Mn2+初始质量浓度在一定范围内变化对锰氧化率影响不大;而温度、pH值和Fe2+初始质量浓度变化对锰氧化率有较大影响。当接种量为4%,装液量为60 mL,温度为25℃,摇床转速为100r/min,pH值为7,且有一定的Fe2+存在时,Arthrobacter chlorophenolicusMN1409对锰的氧化效率最高。     

Effect of the veterinary ionophore monensin on the structure and activity of a tropical soil bacterial community

Abstract

Monensin (MON) is a coccidiostat used as a growth promoter that can reach the environment through fertilization with manure from farm animals. To verify whether field-relevant concentrations of this drug negatively influence the structure and activity of tropical soil bacteria, plate counts, CO₂ efflux measurements, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) profiles were obtained for soil microcosms exposed to 1 or 10?mg kg^?1 of MON across 11?days. Although 53% (1?mg kg^?1) to 40% (10?mg kg^?1) of the MON concentrations added to the microcosms dissipated within 5?days, a subtle concentration-dependent decrease in the number of culturable bacteria (<1 log CFU g^?1), reduced (?20 to ?30%) or exacerbated (+25%) soil CO₂ effluxes, a marked shift of non-bacterial fatty acids, and altered respiration of amines (1.22-fold decrease) and polymers (1.70-fold increase) were noted in some of the treatments. These results suggest that MON quickly killed some microorganisms and that the surviving populations were selected and metabolically stimulated. Consequently, MON should be monitored in agronomic and environmental systems as part of One Health efforts.     

表面活性剂在甲烷氧化菌降解煤体甲烷中的适用性研究

甲烷氧化菌液在进入煤储层后会产生较高的毛管压力,且随着甲烷氧化菌降解煤层瓦斯的进行,毛管压力逐渐增大,容易引起水锁伤害。采取向甲烷氧化菌菌液加入复配表面活性剂以期减缓菌液造成的水锁伤害,通过测试所选表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）与椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺（CDEA）对菌液表面张力的降低程度来了解表面活性剂与菌液的配伍比例,并对含复配表面活性剂的甲烷氧化菌对煤层甲烷的降解进行研究。研究结果表明:表面活性剂与菌液最佳配伍比例为SDBS∶CDEA为1∶4,最佳配伍浓度为0.5％,且表面活性剂在菌液中稳定性较好;菌液中添加复配表活剂20 mL,在混合气体压力为2 MPa、氧浓度为 1％、温度为 30 ℃时,添加复配表面活剂菌液的甲烷最终降解率为51.65％,比未添加复配表面活剂菌液高出11％左右。因此,向甲烷氧化菌菌液中添加复配表面活性剂具有很好的适用性。     

水稻田的甲烷释放特性及其生物学机理

本文报导采用土柱法和田间原位法研究渍水稻田甲烷释放特性的结果。不同生育期的测定表明,早稻以分蘖盛期时释放量最大,以后逐渐减少,晚稻从分蘖始期起逐渐增加,至分蘖盛期、末期时达到最大,随后在孕穗期急剧减少,至生长后期又有所回升。以原位法测定表明,晚间和上午释放的甲烷量较多,中午几乎无甲烷释放,下午又有少量释放。不同施肥区稻田甲烷释放量明显不同,以施猪粪有机肥区为最高,次为施尿素无机氮区,不施肥区最低。但各施肥区水稻不同生育期的甲烷释放趋势完全一致,以分蘖期释放量最大,稻田释放的甲烷主要是稻植株释放的,可占总释放量的85％以上。行株间土壤释放的量不多。田间水释放极少,就植株而言,甲烷释放部位主要是在与土壤密切结合的未扰动的根基和根系部位,水面下茎秆白色部分和水上绿色部分几乎无释放。根系也主要是靠近根基的上半部分,根尖部位甲烷形成活性明显小得多。且研究表明,产甲烷细菌附存于根表而不进入根内组织。根际土壤中产甲烷细菌、厌氧性纤维素分解细菌和甲烷氧化细菌的数量以及总挥发有机酸含量都明显高于和行间土壤。