高效菌PACT法处理染料废水实验研究

采用高效菌PACT法处理染料废水 ,结果表明该法CODCr去除率为 88% ,与普通活性污泥法比较提高 10 %。高效菌PACT法处理染料生产废水方法稳定 ,经半年的试运行 ,出水的CODCr、pH、色度均达国家排放标准。     

Effects of Polluting Soil with Cassava Mill Effluent on the Bacteria and Fungi Populations of a Soil Cultivated with Maize

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of application of cassava mill effluent on bacteria and fungi types and population in a soil grown to maize (Zea Mays L.) Microbial populations were determined before pollution of soil with cassava mill effluent, six weeks after pollution with effluent and at the end of the experiment. Results obtained showed that bacteria and fungi populations increased with time as rates of pollution increased. It was also observed that some bacteria present in the soil at the beginning of the experiment and up to the sixth week after pollution with effluent became extinct at the end of the experiment.     

反硝化真菌-细菌优化组合及其脱氮能力研究

从多种真菌中筛选到3株脱氮活性较高的真菌,并将其与一株从武汉市郊新筛选分离到的具有较强脱氮能力的细菌HS-03进行混和培养,通过正交实验确立其最佳培养条件。正交实验方差分析表明:碳源、pH值和温度3个因素对脱氮率的影响都非常显著,菌种因素对脱氮率有一定影响。实验结果表明,真菌与细菌混合脱氮的最佳培养条件为:以琥珀酸钠为碳源,NaNO3为N源,C/N为10,pH=7.5,温度30℃。细菌HS-03和真菌Fusariumoxyspurum的组合优于其它组合。在最佳培养条件下,该组合能在21h内去除10mmolNO3-,优于相同条件下细菌HS-03或真菌F.oxyspurum的反硝化能力。     

Application of a luminescence-based biosensor for assessing naphthalene biodegradation in soils from a manufactured gas plant

Despite numerous reviews suggesting that microbial biosensors could be used in many environmental applications, in reality they have failed to be used for which they were designed. In part this is because most of these sensors perform in an aqueous phase and a buffered medium, which is in contrast to the nature of genuine environmental systems. In this study, a range of non-exhaustive extraction techniques (NEETs) were assessed for (i) compatibility with a naphthalene responsive biosensor and (ii) correlation with naphthalene biodegradation. The NEETs removed a portion of the total soil naphthalene in the order of methanol > HPCD > βCD > water. To place the biosensor performance to NEETs in context, a biodegradation experiment was carried out using historically contaminated soils. By coupling the HPCD extraction with the biosensor, it was possible to assess the fraction of the naphthalene capable of undergoing microbial degradation in soil.     

混合固定化硝化菌和好氧反硝化菌处理焦化废水

对传统的聚乙烯醇(PVA)固定化方法进行了改进,试制了加入麦秸粉末的固定化球和以活性炭纤维膜为载体膜固定化细胞产品。混合固定化硝化细菌和好氧反硝化细菌对经过厌氧折流板反应器酸化后的焦化废水进行脱氮,焦化废水在厌氧折流板反应器中经过18 h的酸化后,pH在8.0左右,开始进入好氧槽进行脱氮。在有效容积为5 L好氧槽中经过12 h的曝气处理,加入麦秸粉末的固定化球对氨氮的去除率高达94.3%;纤维膜固定化细胞产品对氨氮的去除率为85%。整个脱氮过程无NO^-₂-N和NO^-₂-N的积累,实现了好氧条件下的同时硝化和反硝化。     

生物法/人工湿地工艺处理采油废水及其生态毒性削减研究

采用2种生物法/人工湿地工艺(水解酸化/好氧/人工湿地工艺和水解酸化/人工湿地(进水区强化曝气)工艺)处理胜利油田某联合处理站经隔油、混凝处理的采油废水,并运用发光细菌技术研究采油废水在处理过程中的生态毒性削减规律.研究结果表明,在水解酸化段水力停留时间(HRT)为20 h,好氧段HRT为10 h,人工湿地HRT为2 d的工况下,水解酸化/好氧/人工湿地工艺与水解酸化/人工湿地(进水区强化曝气)工艺的出水水质均能满足COD≤80 mg/L、NH_4~+-N≤15 mg/L的处理要求.发光细菌法试验结果表明,经隔油、混凝处理后的采油废水属高毒性废水,再经水解酸化/人工湿地(进水区强化曝气)工艺处理后生态毒性大幅削减,出水生态毒性降至低毒.     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场甲烷减排与控制技术研究

系统地研究了生物氧化、生物抑制和风力驱动准好氧填埋的生活垃圾卫生填埋场甲烷减排集成技术.研究表明,喷洒了NMS营养液(80 mL/kg)的矿化垃圾为甲烷氧化覆盖层,可以持续氧化甲烷,第23天后甲烷氧化率稳定在75%左右;当氯仿质量浓度为20 mg/kg或乙炔体积分数达到1.2%时,甲烷产量极少,产甲烷菌几乎被完全抑制;采用风帽技术的改进型准好氧填埋可以利用风速0.5 m/s的自然风,在不增加成本的前提下大幅减少甲烷排放.     

嗜碱细菌降解木质素的复合碳源共代谢研究Ⅰ——复合碳源组合方式及氮源的选择

研究在碱性液体培养条件 (pH =1 0 .5)下 ,不同碳源组合方式对嗜碱木质素降解菌产酶及降解麦草木质素的降解率的影响。研究结果表明 ,在蔗糖 (第一碳源 ) +麦草木质素 (第二碳源 )的组合方式下 ,并将硝酸铵作为氮源且碳氮比为 1 :1 .2时 ,该菌株的产酶及降解能力效果理想。     

五氯酚(PCP)高效降解菌Psendomonas sp.CS5的研究

从曾受五氯酚(pentachlorophenol,简称PCP,下同)污染废水的活性污泥中,经驯化富集和分离筛选获得一株PCP降解菌,菌号为CS-W-98-5.在24h内该菌降解w(PCP)=400×10     

Control factors of partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) technology has potential technical superiority and economical efficiency for the nitrogen removal from landfill leachate, which contains high-strength ammonium nitrogen (NH4 -N) and refractory organics. To complete the ANAMMOX process, a preceding partial nitritation step to produce the appropriate ratio of nitrite/ammonium is a key stage. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions to acquire constant partial nitritation for landfill leachate treatment, and a bench scale fixed bed bio-film reactor was used in this study to investigate the effects of the running factors on the partial nitritation. The results showed that both the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and the ammonium volumetric loading rate (Nv) had effects on the partial nitritation. In the controlling conditions with a temperature of 30±1℃, Nv of 0.2-1.0 kg NH4 -N/(m3d), and DO concentration of 0.8-2.3 mg/L, the steady partial nitritation was achieved as follows: more than 94% partial nitritation efficiency (nitrite as the main product), 60%-74% NH4 -N removal efficiency, and NO2--N/NH4 -N ratio (concentration ratio) of 1.0-1.4 in the effluent. The impact of temperature was related to iVv at certain DO concentration, and the temperature range of 25-30癈 was suitable for treating high strength ammonium leachate. Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria could be acclimated to higher FA (free ammonium) in the range of 122-224 mg/L. According to the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis result of the bio-film in the reactor, there were 25 kinds of 16S rRNA gene fragments, which indicated that abundant microbial communities existed in the bio-film, although high concentrations of ammonium and FA may inhibit the growth of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and other microorganisms in the reactor.