光合细菌光合产氢机理研究进展

Hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria has recently received renewed attention because of the global－warming problem.This paper presents a review on the basic process of hydrogen photoproduction and the actions of nitrogenase and hydrogenase in this process.The primary factors affecting the hydrogen production are also presented.The recent researches on efficiency of energy conversion are summarized.     

一种工程菌的高酶活及其固定化细胞对农药的降解

将抗性尖音库蚊五带亚种的执有机磷农药基因—酯酶基因克隆到质粒pRL－439中．经检测,重组质粒中的酯酶基因已得到表达,获得高酶活的工程菌．将工程菌固定化后对两类难降解农药（有机氯、菊酯类）进行降解,结果表明,固定化细胞在1h内对上两类农药可降解90％以上,具有很高的降解效力．     

Tank-dependence of the functionality and network differentiation of activated sludge community in a full-scale anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic municipal sewage treatment plant

● Environmental parameters affected functional bacteria and network associations. ● The structure and interactions of AS networks changed greatly within tanks. ● Anoxic co-occurrence network was more unstable and easily influenced. ● Composition of functional bacteria had a seasonal succession pattern. ● Tetrasphaera was the major PAO in spring and winter leading a better P removal. Understanding the structures and dynamics of bacterial communities in activated sludge (AS) in full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is of both engineering and ecological significance. Previous investigations have mainly focused on the AS communities of WWTP aeration tanks, and the differences and interactions between the communities in anaerobic and anoxic tanks of the AS system remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the structures of bacterial communities and their inter-connections in three tanks (anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic) and influent from a full-scale WWTP with conventional anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A/A/O) process over a year to explore their functionality and network differentiation. High-throughput sequencing showed that community compositions did not differ appreciably between the different tanks, likely due to the continuous sludge community interchange between tanks. However, network analysis showed significant differences in inter-species relationships, OTU topological roles, and keystone populations in the different AS communities. Moreover, the anoxic network is expected to be more unstable and easily affected by environmental disturbance. Tank-associated environmental factors, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and nutrients, were found to affect the relative abundance of functional genera (i.e., AOB, NOB, PAOs, and denitrifiers), suggesting that these groups were more susceptible to environmental variables than other bacteria. Therefore, this work could assist in improving our understanding of tank-associated microbial ecology, particularly the response of functional bacteria to seasonal variations in WWTPs employing A/A/O process.     

利用主动和被动采样技术和发光菌毒性测试评价水中有机污染物的毒性

提出利用能够模拟生物吸收过程的半渗透膜采样技术(SPMD)富集疏水性有机污染物,然后进行生物毒性测试．这一方法在原理上不同于传统主动富集．生物毒性测试技术体系,能够模拟生物富集和产生毒性的过程．用三油酸脂半渗透膜采样技术对洋河和北京市高碑店污水处理厂水样进行富集,并采用海洋发光菌P．phosphoreum T3和青海弧菌V．qinghainesis Q67发光菌对原水样和经过富集的水中有机污染物进行毒性测试．研究结果表明,洋河水中存在导致急性毒性的有机物,主要来自宣化工业区,以取代苯类化合物(如：硝基芳烃)为主,相比于此类物质,持久性有机污染物对急性毒性的贡献不大．对高碑店污水厂进行的实验表明,用发光菌方法直接测定污水,很难解释急性毒性变化规律．而采用SPMD技术富集水中有机污染物后进行毒性测试,结果和化学分析数据相当吻合．结合SPMD的优点,推荐用该方法作为环境有机有毒污染物毒性监测和生态风险评价的样品前处理手段．     

几种细菌质粒抽提方法的研究

用 5种不同的方法对 5种不同属细菌共 7个菌株进行质粒的抽提 ,结果显示碱裂解法适于 4种有机物降解菌质粒的抽提 ,而假单胞菌质粒抽提法则适合于 7种菌株。为了获得分离细菌质粒的初步信息 ,可用假单胞菌质粒抽提法进行初步分析 ,进一步的研究需对质粒抽提方法进行比较才可确定最适的方法。     

含重金属离子酸性废水的厌氧生物处理

利用厌氧生物法处理含重金属离子酸性废水是一门前沿技术。阐述了利用硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB)处理此类酸性废水的有关内容 ,介绍了SRB的分类、特性及还原机理 ,重点从硫酸盐还原的必备条件 :即电子供体、电子受体、还原条件三个方面讨论了SRB还原硫酸盐的影响因素。最后提出这方面研究存在的问题     

辽东湾沿岸水域甲肝病毒和粪大肠菌群分布

报道了2002年辽东湾3个沿岸海域表层海水中甲肝病毒和粪大肠菌群分布的检测结果。结果显示,5月份表层海水 中没有检出甲肝病毒,粪大肠菌群也符合卫生标准;8月份和10月份表层海水中的甲肝病毒loo％呈阳性,粪大肠菌群均超标。 结果表明,粪大肠菌群指示海水中肠道病毒污染程度仍具有很大程度的可靠性。     

基因工程菌在富营养化水体中应用的试验研究

实验模拟了自然状况下水体富营养化的一般过程。利用基因工程菌消氮细菌及沉淀细菌对实验水体进行生物修复。得出：在微生物处理下,水体的营养物质浓度不断降低,水体的浊度下降,透明度升高,使得实验水体的水质得到了明显的改善。     

双层管用于发光细菌检测水样毒性时的色度修正

阐述了应用发光细菌检测有色水样毒性时,水样色度会引起附加发光抑制的原因,提出应用同心双层检测玻管,可以对有色水样色度引起的附加发光抑制加以修正.通过比较单层管和双层管测定标准曲线间的差异、设置阴性对照和阳性对照评价该方法的可靠性,以及用该方法检测有色水样活性黑KN-B溶液的急性毒性实验,结果表明,用同心双层检测玻管可以有效修正由水样色度引起的附加发光抑制.