A critical review of sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during winter polluted periods

Sulfate aerosol contributes to particulate matter pollution and plays a key role in aerosol radiative forcing, impacting human health and climate change. Atmospheric models tend to substantially underestimate sulfate concentrations during haze episodes, indicating that there are still missing mechanisms not considered by the models. Despite recent good progress in understanding the missing sulfate sources, knowledge on different sulfate formation pathways during polluted periods still involves large uncertainties and the dominant mechanism is under heated debate, calling for more field, laboratory, and modeling work. Here, we review the traditional sulfate formation mechanisms in cloud water and also discuss the potential factors affecting multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation. Then recent progress in multiphase S(Ⅳ) oxidation mechanisms is summarized. Sulfate formation rates by different prevailing oxidation pathways under typical winter-haze conditions are also calculated and compared. Based on the literature reviewed, we put forward control of the atmospheric oxidation capacity as a means to abate sulfate aerosol pollution. Finally, we conclude with a concise set of research priorities for improving our understanding of sulfate formation mechanisms during polluted periods.     

陕西省泥石流灾害的时空分布规律及成因的初步分析

陕西省是我国泥石流灾害发生较严重的地区之一。本文较全面地阐明了全省泥石流灾害的时空分布规律;分析了泥石流的形成因素,并对形成泥石流的各种临界条件进行了探讨;最后,还就全省泥石流的发展趋势进行了讨论。     

Research progress of disinfection and disinfection by-products in China

Disinfection is an indispensable water treatment process for killing harmful pathogens and protecting human health. However, the disinfection has caused significant public concern due to the formation of toxic disinfection by-products(DBPs). Lots of studies on disinfection and DBPs have been performed in the world since 1974. Although related studies in China started in1980 s, a great progress has been achieved during the last three decades. Therefore, this review summarized the main achievements on disinfection and DPBs studies in China, which included:(1) the occurrence of DBPs in water of China,(2) the identification and detection methods of DBPs,(3) the formation mechanisms of DBPs during disinfection process,(4) the toxicological effects and epidemiological surveys of DBPs,(5) the control and management countermeasures of DBPs in water disinfection, and(6) the challenges and chances of DBPs studies in future. It is expected that this review would provide useful information and reference for optimizing disinfection process, reducing DBPs formation and protecting human health.     

新庄煤矿井下出现不明雾气原因分析

根据新庄煤矿 1110 1进风巷出现不明雾气 ,笔者认为 ,研究和分析该雾气的成因及是否有毒 ,对煤矿安全生产和矿工的生命安全与健康至关重要。通过现场气象测定和实验室模拟试验 ,确定了雾气成因 ,经雾气发生地点采样分析 ,空气中未发现有毒气体。经实测分析和研究表明 ,进风巷雾气成因是 :当突然打开 1110 1工作面回风巷道中的调节风门时 ,巷道气压突然降低 ,空气膨胀 ,温度有所下降 ,使得空气中的水分凝结 ,从而形成雾气。通过实验室模拟实验再现了这一过程 ,表明对雾气现象的分析和研究的结果是正确的     

下扬子区下石炭统

本文系统记述下扬子区下石炭统发育情况。着重对本区早石炭世早期是否存在沉积等问题提出新的依据和看法。下扬于区下石炭统发育是否完整,长期存在疑问,根据孢子化石和粒度分析资料,表明区内早石炭世早期的沉积确实存在,并创建了陈家边组,代表这一时期一种碎屑岩沉积类型。下石炭统上部老虎洞组的时代也存在争议,笔者根据白云岩化学组分的多元统计分析结果,提出二分观点,并重新厘定老虎洞组的含义。     

Cause of PM2.5 pollution during the 2016-2017 heating season in Beijing, Tianjin, and Langfang, China

To investigate the cause of fine particulate matter(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 um,PM2.5) pollution in the heating season in the North China Plain(specifically Beijing,Tianjin,and Langfang),water-soluble ions and carbonaceous components in PM_2.5were simultaneously measured by online instruments with 1-hr resolution,from November 15,2016 to March 15,2017.The results showed extreme severity of PM_2.5 pollution on a regional scale.Secondary inorganic io...     

真空不锈钢保温容器旋压成形工艺

真空不锈钢保温容器的内胆身及外壳采用旋压工艺成形,可节省原材料,减少加工工序及模具投资.本文对真空双层不锈钢保温容器的制作方案、内胆身及外壳的旋压毛坯形式、旋压成形工艺和旋压过程工艺参数的选择等方面进行了理论分析和实践研究,提出了避免保温容器产生旋压缺陷的措施及手段.     

掺磷渣硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的研究

研究了磷渣对硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的影响，得到了熟料形成反应的活化能和动力学常数，研究表明，磷渣是一种较好的矿化剂。     

湘中涟源煤盆测水组煤动力变质作用的特征及其成因探讨

从煤变质程度、煤变质特征、煤变质带展布、煤的物理性质和结构构造、煤化学结构等方面．论述了湘中涟源煤盆早石炭世测水组煤动力变质作用的特征，并对其成因进行了探讨。     

盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油运移动力学分析

独特的江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组盐间非砂岩油藏生储同层 ,盐岩封盖条件极佳 ,但储集层渗透能力极低 ,油气运移条件差。目前的众多证据表明 ,就是在渗透能力如此低下的盐间层中 ,非断裂区的原油也顺层发生了一定规模的运移。在压实作用、流体热增压、有机质生烃生气增压以及毛细管压差等应力作用下 ,盐间原油得以从烃源岩层中排除 ,并在低渗透的盐间层运移主干道中顺层侧向 (或断裂区垂向穿层 )从生烃次洼向构造高部位等低势区聚集。从动力学的角度证明了盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油顺层运移的可能性 ,并指出了盐间石油的运移方向和有利聚集区。