淮南潘谢矿区岩溶水化学特征及其形成机制研究

淮南煤田深部煤层开采受其下部岩溶水害的干扰,分析其化学组分分布规律、探讨其形成过程,可为水害防治提供一定的理论指导。本文以淮南潘谢矿区太原组岩溶含水层为研究对象,通过分析其水文地质背景,采用多元统计、水化学组分、水文地球化学反向模拟等方法,对该区两个次一级水文地质单元的水化学组分进行分析。结果表明：受挤压-拉张作用下的古地貌是影响古地下水补、径、排的重要因素;Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区阴、阳离子均以Cl^-、Na⁺+K⁺为主,但Ⅱ区中HCO₃^-占比较大,且Ⅰ区SO₄^2-含量大于Ⅱ区;受局部开放的氧化环境影响,Ⅰ区主要以阳离子交换作用为主,存在黄铁矿氧化,而Ⅱ区以阳离子交换作用与黄铁矿的氧化为主,为还原环境,但逐步向部分氧化环境转变;长期的矿山开采活动使得区内岩溶地下水流系统发生持续改变,也是影响单元间岩溶水质产生差异性的重要因素。     

真空不锈钢保温容器旋压成形工艺

真空不锈钢保温容器的内胆身及外壳采用旋压工艺成形,可节省原材料,减少加工工序及模具投资.本文对真空双层不锈钢保温容器的制作方案、内胆身及外壳的旋压毛坯形式、旋压成形工艺和旋压过程工艺参数的选择等方面进行了理论分析和实践研究,提出了避免保温容器产生旋压缺陷的措施及手段.     

掺磷渣硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的研究

研究了磷渣对硅酸盐水泥熟料形成动力学的影响，得到了熟料形成反应的活化能和动力学常数，研究表明，磷渣是一种较好的矿化剂。     

湘中涟源煤盆测水组煤动力变质作用的特征及其成因探讨

从煤变质程度、煤变质特征、煤变质带展布、煤的物理性质和结构构造、煤化学结构等方面．论述了湘中涟源煤盆早石炭世测水组煤动力变质作用的特征，并对其成因进行了探讨。     

盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油运移动力学分析

独特的江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组盐间非砂岩油藏生储同层 ,盐岩封盖条件极佳 ,但储集层渗透能力极低 ,油气运移条件差。目前的众多证据表明 ,就是在渗透能力如此低下的盐间层中 ,非断裂区的原油也顺层发生了一定规模的运移。在压实作用、流体热增压、有机质生烃生气增压以及毛细管压差等应力作用下 ,盐间原油得以从烃源岩层中排除 ,并在低渗透的盐间层运移主干道中顺层侧向 (或断裂区垂向穿层 )从生烃次洼向构造高部位等低势区聚集。从动力学的角度证明了盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油顺层运移的可能性 ,并指出了盐间石油的运移方向和有利聚集区。     

挥发性卤代烃的天然来源及其生成机制

天然产生的挥发性卤代烃(VHC)，对大气中VHC的源汇平衡有显著影响。不同生态系统中VHC的天然生成机制存在很大差异，有许多天然过程还不为人们所了解。该文对海洋，陆地等生态系统中VHC的天然来源及其产生机制进行了较全面的综述。     

湖南省酸性降水的研究

根据1993年春季在京广线湖南段区域的观测结果,对酸性降水的污染状况、特征、成因及其来源进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:湖南地区春季降雨是“严重污染的硫酸型酸雨";形成的机制与华南地区基本相同,污染物浓度是局地源贡献和外地源输送的叠加。      

Ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major precursors for ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), both of which greatly harm human health and significantly affect the Earth''s climate. We simultaneously estimated ozone and SOA formation from anthropogenic VOCs emissions in China by employing photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) values and SOA yields. We gave special attention to large molecular species and adopted the SOA yield curves from latest smog chamber experiments. The estimation shows that alkylbenzenes are greatest contributors to both ozone and SOA formation (36.0% and 51.6%, respectively), while toluene and xylenes are largest contributing individual VOCs. Industry solvent use, industry process and domestic combustion are three sectors with the largest contributions to both ozone (24.7%, 23.0% and 17.8%, respectively) and SOA (22.9%, 34.6% and 19.6%, respectively) formation. In terms of the formation potential per unit VOCs emission, ozone is sensitive to open biomass burning, transportation, and domestic solvent use, and SOA is sensitive to industry process, domestic solvent use, and domestic combustion. Biomass stoves, paint application in industrial protection and buildings, adhesives application are key individual sources to ozone and SOA formation, whether measured by total contribution or contribution per unit VOCs emission. The results imply that current VOCs control policies should be extended to cover most important industrial sources, and the control measures for biomass stoves should be tightened. Finally, discrepant VOCs control policies should be implemented in different regions based on their ozone/aerosol concentration levels and dominant emission sources for ozone and SOA formation potential.     

城市面源污染形成过程及其排放特征研究进展

随着城市的迅速发展,城市面源污染日益成为影响城市水体水质的重要因素。本文按照地表累积—降水—径流冲刷—输送这一城市面源污染的形成过程对次降雨径流平均浓度、初始冲刷效益等污染特征进行了研究,分析了不同下垫面及不同功能区的污染特性。     

Characterization of haloacetic acid precursors in source water

Raw water from the Bangkok (Thailand) main municipal water supply canal was examined for its natural organic composition by fractionation with adsorption resins. DAX-8 resin was the first resin employed to fractionate the hydrophobic fractions. Fractionation at neutral pH resulted in the separation of the hydrophobic neutral components; at a high pH level (approx. 10) separation of the hydrophobic base components occurred; and at a low pH level (approx. 2) the hydrophobic acid components were separated. AG-MP-50 cationic resin was then used to separate the hydrophilic base components, and WA-10, a weak anionic resin, was applied finally to fractionate the hydrophilic acid and neutral components. Subsequently, each fraction was tested for its chlorine disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential. The HAA formation tests demonstrated that the various organic fractions had different reactivity levels for the formation of haloacetic acids (HAAs). For this source water, the hydrophilic neutral fraction dominated over the other five fractions in being the main organic component and the most significant precursor of HAAs formation. On the other hand, in terms of specific HAA formation potential (FP), the hydrophobic and hydrophilic base fractions were the most reactive precursors to the formation of HAAs. In all cases, the quantity of HAAs formed depended linearly upon the amount of organic constituents in the water sample.