水电项目环保验收中存在的问题及对策

通过我国2006～2010年水电建设项目竣工环境保护验收执行情况的统计,分析了水电项目竣工环保验收中存在的问题,并针对性地提出了相应的对策,探讨了水利水电项目建设环境保护工作需统筹流域开发与保护,发挥规划环评作用;建立建设项目全过程跟踪管理机制;积极推进分阶段验收,推行环境影响后评价;建立流域梯级生态保护协调机制和生态...     

采用隔吸声屏障治理抚顺发电厂双曲线冷却塔噪声

抚顺发电厂供热机组两座双曲线自然通风冷却塔的噪声对该厂北厂界和敏感点（抚顺卫校）构成危害,经测试昼间和夜间噪声均超过排放标准。经方案论证,设置弧形鱼鳞状吸声型声屏障,噪声均达到相关标准规定,取得较好的环境与社会效益。     

正确的清洁能源利用模式是解决大气污染的有效途径

以常熟清洁能源替代模式的选择为例 ,着重强调正确的清洁能源利用模式是解决大气污染的有效途径。通过对常熟大气污染和能源结构的分析确定了能源结构上的主要问题 ,针对性的提出了燃气热电联供的解决方案 ,并从政策、技术、趋势、经济成本、环境效益等方面进行了论证。本文强调合适的利用方式对于推行清洁能源的利用来解决大气污染是非常关键的 ,各城市应该选择符合自己特点的具有针对性的利用方式。     

Energy consumption analysis of ABS plastic parts injected in a hybrid injection moulding machine

The energy analysis of injection moulding processes is influenced by complex interactions amongst the moulded part, its material, the injection machine, the process parameters and the environmental conditions. The availability of energy usage analyses that comprehend information on specific materials and machine kind is limited. This paper reports a study that estimates and analyses the power usage profile (PUP), the specific energy consumption (SEC), and the energy distribution at an operation level of two different injected parts made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and produced in a hybrid injection moulding machine. The methodology followed by the authors incorporates an experiment carried out in an industrial facility. A large sample size, and data-acquisition and data post-processing processes to obtain an accurate PUP and SEC are used. A breakdown of the energy consumed by the injection moulding process of the parts studied at an operation level using Sankey diagrams is discussed. The study results are used to identify strategies to reduce the energy consumed by the processes. The methodology employed, and the strategies reported could be used with other plastic parts regardless of the material and machine used. The results reported are new experimental data useful input for theoretical models.     

小微景观水体治理技术探讨

小微景观水体环境容量小,自净能力低,易出现水质浑浊、藻类爆发等现象。常见的治理技术包括物理治理技术、化学治理技术和生物修复技术。在实际治理过程中,应采用多技术联用的综合治理方法,才能实现改善水质、恢复生态平衡、美化水景的目标。     

Why most conservation monitoring is, but need not be, a waste of time

Ecological conservation monitoring programmes abound at various organisational and spatial levels from species to ecosystem. Many of them suffer, however, from the lack of details of goal and hypothesis formulation, survey design, data quality and statistical power at the start. As a result, most programmes are likely to fail to reach the necessary standard of being capable of rejecting a false null hypothesis with reasonable power. Results from inadequate monitoring are misleading for their information quality and are dangerous because they create the illusion that something useful has been done. We propose that conservation agencies and those funding monitoring work should require the demonstration of adequate power at the outset of any new monitoring scheme.     

固相微萃取技术及其在环境监测中的应用

介绍了90年代初推出的一种新的样品前处理技术－固相微萃取技术。它与传统的萃取法相比具有分析周期短、简捷、灵敏度高,无须使用溶剂,适于现场监测等优点,目前已成功地用于各基质样品如：土壤、水、大气中环境污染物的分析。文章还对其基本原理、固相涂层、操作模式展开了讨论。经分析认为该技术有着广阔的推广和应用前景。     

测量工频电磁场应注意的问题

根据高压输变电线路下工频电磁场测量工作的经验,提出应正确选择电磁辐射测量仪器,注重选择测量点位和高度,减少人为干扰和减小环境因素对测量的影响等,从而提高工频电磁场测量的准确性和可靠性.     

A derivation of the statistical characteristics of forest fires

The analysis of large data sets concerning fires in various forested areas of the world has pointed out that burned areas can often be described by different power-law distributions for small, medium and large fires and that a scaling law for the time intervals separating successive fires is fulfilled. The attempts of deriving such statistical laws from purely theoretical arguments have not been fully successful so far, most likely because important physical and/or biological factors controlling forest fires were not taken into account. By contrast, the two-layer spatially extended forest model we propose in this paper encapsulates the main characteristics of vegetational growth and fire ignition and propagation, and supports the empirically discovered statistical laws. Since the model is fully deterministic and spatially homogeneous, the emergence of the power and scaling laws does not seem to necessarily require meteorological randomness and geophysical heterogeneity, although these factors certainly amplify the chaoticity of the fires. Moreover, the analysis suggests that the existence of different power-laws for fires of various scale might be due to the two-layer structure of the forest which allows the formation of different kinds of fires, i.e. surface, crown, and mixed fires.     

Application of coal ash to environmental improvement: Transformation into zeolite, potassium fertilizer, and FGD absorbent

The rapid increase in population and economic growth have led to an increase in energy demand. Coal reserves are distributed worldwide, and coal is now known to be the most stable and available energy source. However, utilization of coal as an energy source involves the generation of a great amount of coal ash, and the recycling rate of the ash is rather low. Coal ash is mainly used in civil construction materials, and there is a limit to the demand for coal ash by construction industries: therefore, the increasing amount of coal ash will be a serious problem in the near future. Different applications should be considered. In this paper, three environmentally-friendly methods for coal ash recycling are described. Firstly, alkali treatment can transform coal ash to zeolite, which is used in deodorant and for wastewater treatment and soil improvement. Secondly, potassium silicate fertilizer is produced from coal ash and has a higher retentivity in the soil than that of conventional fertilizers. Thirdly, emission of sulfur dioxide is controlled by flue gas desulfurization using coal ash. It is considered that environmentally-friendly use of coal ash is important from the viewpoints of energy, economy, and environmental strategy in order to realize the concept of sustainable development.