关于锅炉烟气脱硫除尘技术的探讨

目前国内能源结构仍以煤炭为主,大气污染非常的严重,尤其是酸雨和粉尘危害相对较大。在生态文明建设的时代背景下,我们应当加强锅炉脱硫以及除尘技术创新与改造,对燃煤烟尘以及二氧化硫等污染物的排放进行严格控制。本文先对锅炉烟气脱硫除尘现状进行了分析,并在此基础上就电厂锅炉如何进行烟气脱硫与除尘提出了一些观点与认识,以供参考。     

A Two-Stage Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for MPPT of Partially Shaded PV Arrays

The power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curves of a PV array are nonlinear and have multiple peaks under partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for a PV system with reduced steady-state oscillation based on a two-stage particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The grouping method of the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is incorporated in the basic PSO algorithm (PSO-SFLA), ensuring fast and accurate searching of the global extremum. An adaptive speed factor is also introduced into the improved PSO to further enhance its convergence speed. Test results show that the proposed method converges in less than half the time taken by the conventional PSO method, and the power is improved by 33% under the worst PSCs, which confirms the superiority of the proposed method over the standard PSO algorithm in terms of tracking speed and steady-state oscillations under different PSCs.     

高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭工艺处理城市污水的实验研究

高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭工艺能有效去除微污染水源中的有机物、浊度、色度,该工艺具有操作简便、易控制、投资节省的特点。本文通过改变传统工艺中用聚合氯化铝做混凝剂的做法,选用硫酸铝做混凝剂,确定影响处理效果的因素,得出最佳实验条件。实验结果表明,（1）高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭工艺处理效果与试剂投加顺序有密切关系;（2）高锰酸钾-粉末活性炭处理工艺能显著改善水质,比单独使用粉末活性炭效果更好。     

热电规划中电厂的污染及防治对策

随着沈阳市推行的集中供热和低矮面源的改造和小型锅炉的拆迁,烟尘和二氧化硫的主要污染已经转到了各电厂和大型热源厂的集中排放。而且排放量还逐渐增大。污染物的排放已远远超出区域环境容量,尤其是电厂的二氧化硫已经成为治理大气污染的瓶颈。根据沈阳市热电发展规划和热源污染控制规划,对沈阳城区电厂的排污现状及污染趋势进行了分析,提出了污染控制和二氧化硫治理对策。     

Impact of Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Power Stations in Delhi, with Particular Reference to Metal Contamination

Indraprastha Power Station (IPP Stn) and Rajghat Power House (RPH), owned by Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking, are both coal-fired power stations located on Ring Road in New Delhi. Ash content of the coal used ranges between 38–47%. The ash is collected in electrostatic precipitators which have an efficiency of 99.3% (IPP station), and 99.7% (RPH). There are instances of major dust pollution around the power stations from fly ash dispersal. The main method of disposal of fly ash from the power stations is by mixing with water, the resultant slurry is pumped through pipes to ash disposal ponds. The supernatant from these ponds is discharged into River Yamuna. Field studies have revealed large quantities of fly ash being deposited into the river. Local populations of Eichhornia crassipes have reduced dramatically between 1987–1995, with a marked reduction in the year 1994–1995. Field studies, conducted in January, 1995 have investigated the impact of fly ash dispersal in the Delhi region with particular reference to metal contamination. Elemental concentrations for a range of elements are determined by ICP-AES in fly ash and top soils along four transects from the power stations up to a distance of 8 km. The effects of fly ash leachates from the ash settling ponds on the river are determined by analyzing river overbank soils and vegetation for their elemental contents. It is concluded that fly ash dispersal from the stacks are a source of alkali, alkaline-earth and to some extent heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of the power stations, and enrichment of elements in river overbank soils are a result of discharge of fly ash leachates from ash disposal ponds. However, the impact from both these sources of metal contamination is not large enough to give cause for concern. Marked reduction in populations of Eichhornia crassipes downstream of the river where it receives leachates from the ash disposal ponds are attributed to turbidity of the ash pond leachates and metal toxicity. Elemental enrichment in the floodplain soils, as a result of fly ash particle deposition during monsoons, may enhance the horticultural value of these soils as is shown by a healthy cultivated crop of Brassica juncea.     

Environmental Management of Human Waste Disposal for Recreational Boating Activities

/ A methodology to estimate the number of pump-out facilities and dump stations required to service human waste disposal for recreational power boating activities in Pennsylvania during the 1994 boating season is described. Study results suggest that a total of 39 additional pump-out stations and 13 dump stations may be required on seven major waterbodies: The Three Rivers Area, Lake Erie/Presque Isle Bay, Raystown Lake, the Susquehanna River, the Delaware River, Lake Wallenpaupack, and the Kinzua Reservoir. Suggestions for improving the methodology are provided. KEY WORDS: Human waste; Recreation; Power boating; Waste facilities; Waste disposal; Pennsylvania     

电厂燃煤锅炉颗粒物分段去除效率及成因分析

选取某大型发电企业进行实测,根据测试数据计算颗粒物去除装置对颗粒物的分段去除效率。结果表明:静电除尘器除尘效率为99.91%、湿法脱硫装置除尘效率为60.51%、湿法脱硫装置出口相对静电除尘器进口的颗粒物去除效率为99.61%、湿法脱硫装置出口颗粒物浓度是静电除尘器出口颗粒物浓度的4.18倍。此外,也依据计算结果并结合实际情况分析了影响各除尘段颗粒物去除效率的主要成因,这些成因主要包括各除尘段功能、脱硫剂与脱硫副产品的颗粒物、脱硫装置运行平稳性等,期望本研究成果能对电厂燃煤锅炉大气污染控制设施关系调整、重新设计及大气环境污染治理思路调整提供重要科学依据与指导。     

微电解处理低电导印染废水及热效应研究

针对低电导印染废水难处理的特点，采用微电解法对该废水进行了实验研究。在电压一定的条件下，通过改变NaCl电解质的投放量，得到处理该废水的最佳工况。同时，从实验现象中得出温度的变化是影响该废水处理效果的因素之一的结论。从热力学理论研究的角度出发，进一步论证了该结论。     

污染气象与火电厂除尘效率关系探讨

秦岭淮河以南地区具有平原型气象特征，大气污染扩散有其地域性规律。大型火力发电厂在地方大气污染防治中有着举足轻重的地位。探讨平原型污染气象与火电厂除尘效率的关系，寻求大气污染物 总量控制的途径。     

微生物法烟气脱硫技术研究

采用微生物（氧化亚铁硫杆菌，简称TF菌）法脱除烟气中的二氧化硫。在相同操作条件下，比较了传统的工业化 方法稀硫酸吸收法（千代田法）与本法的优劣，研究了液气化、二氧化硫浓度、三价铁离子浓度等因素对吸收效率的影响；分析了脱硫反应前后吸收率pH值、三价铁离子浓度的变化。研究结果表明：适宜的液气比（12.5L/Nm^3 以上）、二氧化硫浓度（1000－5000ppm)和三价铁离子浓度（0.6g/L以上）能使该法具有较高（＞98％）的脱硫率。在常温常压操作条件下，微生物法的脱硫率远优于千代田法，具有一定的工业化价值。