铜绿微囊藻中性红染色研究

以铜绿微囊藻为材料,研究了中性红染色法在藻细胞活性检测方面的运用。对染色剂浓度、染色时间、细胞密度和细胞活性等条件进行了研究。结果显示,中性红浓度为1/5000,染色时间15min时,染色率可以达到98%以上。而常用的台盼蓝染色效果较差,只有50%左右。在藻细胞活性检测中,中性红比台盼蓝更准确和可靠。     

氮磷对微囊藻和栅藻生长及竞争的影响

为了揭示不同营养条件下,藻类优势种的形成规律,选取了3种具有代表性水体的营养盐浓度,对于蓝藻水华的常见种铜绿微囊藻和绿藻水华的常见种四尾栅藻进行了竞争实验.通过竞争抑制参数对相互间的竞争关系进行了分析.结果表明,在贫营养水平下,栅藻的存在能够刺激微囊藻的生长,N/P值越小,刺激作用越明显,微囊藻也能刺激栅藻的生长;富营养水平下,竞争抑制作用与N/P有关;超富营养水平下,栅藻对微囊藻的抑制能力约为微囊藻对栅藻的抑制能力的3倍,N/P值的变化对竞争抑制作用的影响不明显.在较低氮磷浓度的水体中,微囊藻容易成为优势种,而在较高的氮磷浓度的水体中,四尾栅藻更容易成为优势种.     

一种水培植物过滤法的除藻性能

运用隔离生态水区(mesocosm)的手法模拟再现小型封闭水体环境,对水培植物过滤法(HBFM)去除藻类的特性进行了研究.结果表明,藻类去除率平均可达61.1%,对有毒藻类Microcystis sp.的去除效果尤其明显.通过建立生态数学模型并进行计算机模拟,得出在循环比(日处理水量/封闭水体容量)为 0.2 的条件下,应用 HBFM 在 45d 内就可以使封闭水体的 Chl.a 浓度从 100μg/L 降低到 10μg/L .     

阿特拉津对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻生长的影响

在实验室内利用MA培养液培养,通过测定藻生长量和叶绿素a含量,研究不同浓度下的阿特拉津对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)生长的影响,并以藻细胞数表示的最大比生长率为指标,评价2种藻对阿特拉津的敏感性.结果表明,在0.001～5.000 mg·L-1质量浓度范围内,阿特拉津对铜绿微囊藻和四尾栅藻的生长表现出低浓度刺激、高浓度抑制的效应,且阿特拉津对四尾栅藻的刺激效应明显大于铜绿微囊藻.     

电磁环境胁迫对铜绿微囊藻氧化应激和光合固碳酶的影响作用研究

研究了3种典型电磁环境(射频电磁辐射(RF-EMF)、极低频电磁场(ELF-EMF)、交变电场(AEF))胁迫对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)细胞氧化应激(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA))和光合固碳酶(核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA))的影响作用.结果表明,短期和长期RF-EMF、ELF-EMF及AEF暴露胁迫铜绿微囊藻细胞,总体能极显著提高藻细胞的SOD活性(p0.01).铜绿微囊藻经RF-EMF、ELF-EMF及AEF短期暴露处理后,均极显著提高了藻细胞内MDA含量(p0.01);铜绿微囊藻经RFEMF、AEF长期暴露处理后,藻细胞内MDA含量极显著降低(p0.01).RF-EMF暴露处理铜绿微囊藻,总体能显著提高藻细胞Rubisco酶活性(p0.05).长期RF-EMF、AEF和ELF-EMF暴露下的铜绿微囊藻,总体表现出FBA酶活性极显著降低(p0.01).以上结果说明,RF-EMF、ELFEMF、AEF均能够诱导铜绿微囊藻发生氧化应激反应.而RF-EMF能够对铜绿微囊藻细胞参与光合作用的关键酶(Rubisco和FBA)产生一定的调控作用,表明射频电磁波能够在一定程度上影响铜绿微囊藻细胞的光合作用.     

氮磷限制对铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒的影响

采用分批培养的方式研究了铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)在氮、磷单因子营养限制条件下的生长和产毒情况.结果表明,氮限制对铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒都有明显的抑制作用,而磷限制对其生长和产毒没有明显的抑制作用.在氮限制条件下,铜绿微囊藻的生物量仅为控制组的30%～50%,产毒量也仅为控制组的10%～60%;并且氮限制会促进细胞分裂,缩短细胞的生长周期.这可能是因为氮是铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒所必需的元素,直接控制着铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒;所以若培养基中的氮浓度比较低,会直接导致微囊藻的生物量较少和产毒量比较低.磷限制甚至磷被耗尽时对铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒都影响不大,这可能与铜绿微囊藻体内储存的含磷颗粒物有关.实验结果表明,在本实验条件下,水体中氮限制对铜绿微囊藻的生长和产毒影响较大.     

Decomposition and phosphorus release from four different size fractions of Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China

Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus,during bacteria play an important role.A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu,China,a lake that is suffering from dense Microcystis blooms.The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NAN_3.The highest decomposition rates were reco...     

Seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu and its relationships with environmental factors

In order to monitor the changes of Microcystis along with temporal and spatial variations, seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu was investigated by 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (16S-23S rRNA-ITS DGGE) and microscopic evaluation. Samples were collected quarterly at four sites (River Mouth, Meiliang Bay, Cross Area, and Lake Center) from August 2006 to April 2007. Results showed that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance at the four sites in all seasons except winter. The average annual abundance of Microcystis was relatively high at River Mouth and Meiliang Bay, reaching 81.22×106 and 61.32×106 cells/L, respectively. For temporal variations, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') according to DGGE profile revealed the richness of Microcystis in summer (H'=1.375±0.034) and winter (H'=1.650±0.032) was lower than that in spring (H'=2.078±0.031) and autumn (H'=2.365±0.032) (P<0.05). While for spatial variations, the richness of Microcystis at River Mouth (H'=2.015±0.074) was higher than at other sites during four seasons (P<0.01). Very few differences of Microcystis diversity in the same season were observed among the other three sites (P>0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to elucidate the relationships between Microcystis operational taxonomic units (OTUs) composition and the environmental factors. Results of CCA revealed that temperature was strongly positively correlated with the first axis (r=0.963), while TSS was negative correlated with the second axis (r=-0.716). Phylogenetic tree based on the sequencing results of target bands on DGGE gel indicated that samples collected in summer and winter constituted two separated clusters.     

竞争条件下光照对两种淡水藻生长的影响

研究了铜绿微囊藻与斜生栅藻在单种和三种配比(10:1、1:1、1:10)共同培养条件下,不同的光照强度对其生长的影响,计算了不同培养体系中两种藻的磷吸收半饱和常数。结果表明:单独培养时,铜绿微囊藻在3000lx获得最大增长率,而斜生栅藻在5000lx时增值最快;共同培养时,两种藻的生长速率相对单独培养条件下均有不同程度的下降,两种藻之间存在着互相的竞争抑制作用;在10:1共培养条件下,栅藻对微囊藻的抑制作用超过了微囊藻对栅藻的抑制作用;在1:1和1:10共培养条件下,光强低于6600lx时,微囊藻对栅藻的抑制作用相对于栅藻对微囊藻的抑制作用更大。从光吸收半饱和常数看,微囊藻的光吸收的半饱和常数总是小于栅藻,可见微囊藻对光更具亲和性。总体上看,较低光照下,微囊藻的竞争能力强于栅藻,微囊藻竞争成为优势种具有较高的概率;而光照强度较大时,栅藻竞争成为优势种具较高的概率。     

First report of microcystin production in Microcystis smithii Komrek and Anagnostidis(Cyanobacteria) from a water bloom in Eastern China

A water bloom sample collected from Lake Dishui in Shanghai was characterized.The morphological identification showed that Micorcystis wesenbergii and Micorcystis smithii were the main component of the bloom.Five strains of M.smithii were successfully isolated.Their 16S rRNA gene sequences based phylogenetic tree showed that the five strains of M.smithii intermixed with strains of other morphospecies in Microcystis.A fragment of mcy gene encoding for microcystin synthetase was detected in one of the five M....