铜绿微囊藻高温胁迫后的生长补偿效应

为探究藻类受高温胁迫后的恢复生长情况,以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为材料,设置了40 ℃高温组及25 ℃对照组,分别处理3、6和12 d后转入25 ℃进行恢复培养30 d,测定生长过程中的细胞密度以及Chla(叶绿素a)、CAR(类胡萝卜素)、Pro(可溶性蛋白)、Sug(可溶性糖)和丙二醛的含量. 结果表明:40 ℃高温下铜绿微囊藻的生长受到显著抑制,胁迫至第12天时,细胞密度、ρ(Chla)和ρ(CAR)分别比对照组降低了81.08%、97.89%和90.31%. 解除胁迫后,40 ℃处理3 d组呈现一定的超补偿,细胞密度、ρ(Chla)和ρ(CAR)在恢复培养30 d的平均补偿指数分别为1.63、0.90和2.12;40 ℃处理6和12 d组呈现低补偿,恢复培养至第30天时,ρ(Pro)分别比对照组降低了14.86%和48.75%,ρ(Sug)分别比对照组降低了18.77%和53.73%. 胁迫时间越长,丙二醛含量越高,长时间(12 d)的高温胁迫会对细胞造成永久伤害. 采用Logistic方程拟合生长曲线,40 ℃处理6 d组在恢复培养24 d后出现明显的超补偿,细胞密度增大,预计39 d后超过40 ℃处理3 d组. 高温诱发超补偿生长与自然界中藻类暴发的过程具有密切关系,这种内源性因素及藻体生理特征的变化可为湖泊水华发生的理论研究提供依据.      

四环素对铜绿微囊藻光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为试验材料,研究了四环素暴露对铜绿微囊藻光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,0.80~35.00 mg.L-1四环素暴露胁迫4 d时,铜绿微囊藻的叶绿素荧光和潜在最大电子传递速率(Re,t,max)受到抑制,抑制作用随ρ(四环素)的增加而增强,最大抑制率分别为39.95%和44.08%;暴露7 d时,2者最大抑制率分别升高至59.48%和91.90%。抗氧化酶系统也受到四环素的影响,暴露4和7 d时,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别下降30.36%~35.92%和25.03%~35.51%,不同四环素浓度组间差异不显著;过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,在7 d内呈现诱导现象。可见,四环素暴露能够阻碍铜绿微囊藻光合作用,破坏抗氧化酶系统平衡,抑制藻类生物量的增长。     

铈对微囊藻的生长效应及被富集的动力学研究

研究了稀土元素Ce4+对铜绿微囊藻生长效应及其被铜绿微囊藻富集的动力学过程。结果表明:当Ce4+的添加浓度小于0.2mg/L时,对铜绿微囊藻的生长有促进作用,当Ce4+的添加浓度大于0.2mg/L时铜绿微囊藻的生长受到抑制。Ce4+在铜绿微囊藻中富集的动力学过程可用二级吸附动力学模型表征。     

苯丙胺对铜绿微囊藻的生物效应研究

研究了不同浓度苯丙胺在不同条件下对铜绿微囊藻的生长及毒性效应。结果表明 ,低浓度苯丙胺在弱碱性条件下促进铜绿微囊藻的生长 ;高浓度的苯丙胺则抑制其生长。苯丙胺对铜绿微囊藻 2 4、48、72、96h的EC50 值分别为 2 4 .52、1 6 .51、1 0 .76、9.60mg/L ,且其毒性随时间的延长而增加     

溶藻放线菌改性制剂对铜绿微囊藻的控藻能力研究

采用喷雾干燥法制备了一种溶藻放线菌粉剂,此粉剂按1∶10 000的质量比投加4 d后对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效率可达90%,该粉剂经过壳聚糖改性处理后,在1∶20 000的质量投加比下,0.5 h即可絮凝去除90%的藻细胞,4 d后的溶藻效率仍可达80%。由于既能快速絮凝除藻,又能长效溶藻,使得改性溶藻放线菌粉剂具有更为广阔的应用前景。     

Isolation and identification of an anti-algal compound from Artemisia annua and mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae

The goals of this work were to isolate and identify an anti-algal compound from extracts of Artemisia annua and study its mode of action on Microcystis aeruginosa. The anti-algal compound was isolated from the extracts using column chromatography and activity-guided fractionation methods. Artemisinin with strong anti-algal activity was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The EC₅₀ of artemisinin on M. aeruginosa was 3.2 mg L⁻¹. Artemisinin decreased the soluble protein content and increased the superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbic acid content of M. aeruginosa, but exerted no effect on soluble sugar content. The results suggested the mode of action of artemisinin on algae may primarily be the increasing level of reactive oxygen species in algae cells. The results of our research could aid in the development of new anti-algal substances and lead to further study of mechanisms of inhibitory effect on algae.     

Physiological and biochemical responses of Microcystis aeruginosa to phosphite

Phosphorus (P) is a key biological element and limiting nutrient in aquatic environments. Phosphate (+5) is traditionally associated with the P nutrient supply. However, phosphite (+3) has recently generated a great deal of interest, because of the possibility that it is a P source based on recognition of its vital role in the original life of the early earth. This study investigated whether phosphite can be an alternative P source for Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806, one of the predominant bloom species in freshwater systems. The results indicated that M. aeruginosa could not utilize phosphite as a sole P-nutrient directly for cell growth at any concentration, but that phosphite could boost cell numbers and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) content as long as phosphate was provided simultaneously. Specifically, Chl-a production increased sharply when 5.44 mg P L⁻¹ phosphite was added to 0.54 mg P L⁻¹ phosphate medium. Analysis of the maximum yield of PSII indicated that phosphite may stimulate the photosynthesis process of cells in phosphate-phosphite medium. In addition, phosphite failed to support cell growth, even though it more readily permeated the cells in P-deficient medium than in P-sufficient medium. Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) analysis indicated that, unlike organic P, phosphite inhibits the response of cells to deficient P status, especially under P-deprived conditions.     

The changes of nitric oxide production during the growth of Microcystis aerugrinosa

This study characterized the changes of nitric oxide (NO) production during the growth of Microcystis aerugrinosa, a cyanobacterium which usually cause cyanobacterial blooms. Results showed a drastic NO release accompanying with cell density and Chl-a content sharp rises when M. aerugrinosa grew from fifth day to sixth day. Moreover, high N:P ratio accelerated the cyanobacterial growth and NO burst. Sodium nitroprusside, an exogenous NO donor, promoted M. aerugrinosa growth with the optimal concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Experiments by supplementing with sodium nitrite and l-arginine demonstrated NO production in M. aerugrinosa cells was mainly through nitrate reductase (NR) pathway while minorly through NO synthase pathway. All these data suggested M. aerugrinosa produced increasing NO during its growth mainly by NR pathway, during which NO positively regulated the growth of M. aerugrinosa.     

利用响应曲面法研究蓖齿眼子菜克藻效应的环境因子

水生植物的克藻效应受到多种环境因子的影响.利用响应曲面法,对影响沉水植物蓖齿眼子菜对铜绿微囊藻克藻效应的3个环境因子进行实验研究.通过对曲面模型分析,得出蓖齿眼子菜对铜绿微囊藻的藻细胞个数的相对抑制率在温度、光照强度、全盐莒3个环境因子分别为24℃、2 891 lx、4 407 mg/L时达到最大值.曲面模型经过方差分...     

加拿大一枝黄花提取物对铜绿微囊藻细胞膜和亚显微结构的影响研究

探讨了经加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)提取物处理后,铜绿微囊藻(Microc ystis aeruginosa)细胞膜相关特性的变化,如膜脂过氧化程度、细胞膜透性、脂肪酸组成和所占比例变化等,并通过电子显微镜观察了铜绿微囊藻细胞的亚显微结构变化,以初步揭示加拿大一枝黄花提取物对铜绿微囊藻抑制效应的机制.结果表明,添加加拿大一枝黄花提取物可使铜绿微囊藻细胞内丙二醛(MDA)累积量增加,加剧了膜脂过氧化反应;改变了铜绿微囊藻细胞内脂肪酸的组成,使不饱和脂肪酸所占比例上升,饱和脂肪酸所占比例下降;经加拿大一枝黄花提取物处理过的藻细胞膜初期出现模糊褶皱、质壁分离等现象,中后期则出现受损、甚至严重破裂等现象,膜系统受损之后,提取物更易进入细胞内,进一步影响藻细胞的内部结构,最终细胞的亚显微结构明显遭到破坏.