汽车尾气对动物的生物学效应研究

采用动物气管内注入粒物与吸入不同稀释度的汽车尾气等染毒方法，研究其生物效应。结果显示，动物受试后，大鼠肺灌洗液乳酸脱氢酶活性增加，酸性磷酸酶，碱性磷酸酶性和白蛋白含量明显升高，肺巨噬细胞减少，而大鼠血液中ＣＯＨｂ显著增加，小鼠骨髓细胞微核率在中浓度组亦显著增加，３者增呈现良好的测量一反应关系。试验说明，汽车尾气气体部分和颗粒物的毒性作用高于柴油车。     

多氯代甲烷对鳝鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率的影响

试验采用外周血红细胞微核测试技术,通过分析鳝鱼外周血细胞的核异常率和微核率,研究多氯代甲烷的遗传毒性和生态安全性.结果表明:①96 h后,质量浓度为3 mg·L-,30 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1的CCl4和CHCl3污染所产生的核异常率分别为:5.38%和4.26%,9.62%和6.50%,12.18%和9.54%,表明CCl4对细胞异常率的影响大于CHCl3对细胞核异常率的影响;②96 h后,质量浓度为3 mg·L-1,30 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1的CCl4和CHCl3污染所产生的微核率分别为:0.64%和0.40%,0.94%和0.55%,1.31%和0.95%,说明CCl4对细胞微核率的影响大于CHCl3对细胞核微核率的影响.表明用微核测试的方法分析环境中的污染物对生物体危害的程度是一种最便捷和有效的手段.     

蚕豆叶尖细胞及人淋巴细胞微核率对超声波诊断仪的监测

用蚕豆叶尖细胞微核率（MNR）及人淋巴细胞（MNR）对比观察超声波诊断工作人员与仪器的关系,本实验结果表明,从事本工作5年即已有很显著的MNR改变,时间愈长MNR愈高。用蚕豆叶尖细胞之MNR检测工作环境,距探头60cm为直径的范围内皆能引起MNR的显著性改变,8h较4h更为严重,此范围正是工作人员及患者躯干所在的位置,应该引起人们的重视。     

苯作业工人外周血淋巴细胞的细胞遗传学分析

选用外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变（CA）率和微核细胞（MN）率两项指标对两个厂苯作业工人进行了研究分析,结果表明,在3种平均浓度54,108和219mg/m³,苯接触组和对照组比较CA率和MN率均有显著性差异,且未发现二者间有线性相关,提示二者形成机制不完全相同,且较低浓度下苯的遗传毒性应引起重视。     

温州市区内河水质毒性评价

采用分析水质理化指标及蚕豆根尖微核试验对市区内河水质进行监测,并结合现场调查,评价市区内河水污染状况,结果表明市区内河水污染较重,并具有一定遗传毒性.     

模拟矿井水中部分离子对蚕豆遗传性损伤的研究

用矿井水作蚕豆微核实验,讨论了F^-、Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋单一及复合污染对蚕豆微核的影响。结果表明,F^-、Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋单一污染均对微核产生显著影响,随着氟化物浓度和Cr6＋浓度的增加,微核率呈上升趋势;随着Hg^2＋和Cr^6＋浓度增加,微核率呈先上升后下降的趋势。两因子方差分析显示,F^-和Hg^2＋复合污染对蚕豆微核率有显著影响。     

Use of sensitive methods for detection of DNA damage on human lymphocytes exposed to p,p′-DDT: Comet assay and new criteria for scoring micronucleus test

Wide distribution, stability and long persistence in the environment of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), probably the best-known and most useful insecticide in the world, imposes the need for further examination of the effect of this chemical on human health and especially on the human genome. In this study, peripheral blood human lymphocytes from a healthy donor were exposed to 0.025 mg/L concentration of p,p′-DDT at different time periods (1, 2, 24 and 48 h). For the assessment of genotoxic effect, the new criteria for scoring micronucleus test and alkaline comet assay were used. Both methods showed that p,p′-DDT induces DNA damage in low concentration used in this research. Results of micronucleus test showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) genotoxic effect of p,p′-DDT on human lymphocytes compared with corresponding control and a different exposure time. A comet assay also showed increased DNA damage caused in p,p′-DDT-exposed human lymphocytes than in corresponding control cells for the tail length. Results obtained by measuring the level of DNA migration and incidence of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) indicate the sensitivity of these tests and their application in detection of primary genome damage after long-term exposure to establish the effect of p,p′-DDT on human genome.     

鱼血微核试验评价长江江苏段水污染遗传毒性

采用原位监测野生鲫鱼外周血红细胞的微核发生率评价长江江苏段水污染的遗传毒性,并与实验室内的Cr(Ⅵ)诱变试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,常熟望虞河口、江阴滨江村调查点的水污染对鲫鱼的遗传毒性最高,海门江心沙农场其次,江浦、江宁、靖江、镇江调查点的毒性最低。     

Evaluation of drinking water treatment combined filter backwash water recycling technology based on comet and micronucleus assay

Based on the fact that recycling of combined filter backwash water（CFBW）directly to drinking water treatment plants（WTP）is considered to be a feasible method to enhance pollutant removal efficiency,we were motivated to evaluate the genotoxicity of water samples from two pilot-scale drinking water treatment systems,one with recycling of combined backwash water,the other one with a conventional process.An integrated approach of the comet and micronucleus（MN）assays was used with zebrafish（Danio rerio）to investigate the water genotoxicity in this study.The total organic carbon（TOC）,dissolved organic carbon（DOC）,and trihalomethane formation potential（THMFP）,of the recycling process were lower than that of the conventional process.All the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）between the conventional and recycling processes,and indicated that the genotoxicity of water samples from the recycling process did not accumulate in 15 day continuous recycling trial.It was worth noting that there was correlation between the concentrations of TOC,DOC,UV₂₅₄,and THMFPs in water and the DNA damage score,with corresponding R² values of 0.68,0.63,0.28,and 0.64.Nevertheless,both DNA strand breaks and MN frequency of all water samples after disinfection were higher than that of water samples from the two treatment units,which meant that the disinfection by-products（DBPs）formed by disinfection could increase the DNA damage.Both the comet and MN tests suggest that the recycling process did not increase the genotoxicity risk,compared to the traditional process.     

氟化物对动植物染色体毒作用研究

应用BALB/C小鼠骨髓嗜染红细胞微核试验及蚕豆根尖微核试验对氟化物的可能染色体毒性进行了检测。结果表明,氟化钠（30mg/kgi·P）可诱发小鼠微核细胞率显著升高,氟化钠（10～400mg/:F_－）及氟化钙（100～400mg.LF_－）还可诱发蚕豆根尖微核细胞率明显升高,并呈一定剂量－反应和时间－反应关系。提示高浓度氟化物对动、植物染色体有明显毒性作用。