Assessing the genotoxic potentials of arsenic in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) using alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test

This experiment was conducted to study the genotoxic potentials of sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂) in freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus by using alkaline comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test. Fish were exposed to three different concentrations (3 ppm, 28 ppm and 56 ppm) of arsenic and gill, liver and blood tissue samples were collected after 48 h, 96 h and 192 h of exposure. Arsenic exposure induced DNA damage in all tissues examined in a concentration dependent manner. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the comet tail DNA (%) of the exposed fish liver, gill, and blood was observed after 48 h and 96 h of exposure, but a decline in DNA damage was recorded in all the tissues at all the three concentrations studied after 192 h of exposure. Liver tissue exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher DNA damage at all the concentrations examined, followed by gill and blood. Higher liver tail DNA (51.38 ± 0.21%) refers that it is more prone to injury to arsenic toxicity than the gill and blood. In blood samples arsenic induced micronucleus formation in a concentration dependent manner and highest (5.8 ± 0.46%) value was recorded in 56 ppm after 96 h of exposure, whereas, it was decreased after 192 h of exposure at all the three concentrations of NaAsO₂ examined which refers to the DNA repairing ability of fish to arsenic toxicity. The results of this study depict the genotoxic potentials of arsenic to fish which in turns provide insight on advanced study in aquatic toxicology.     

洗发香波诱发蝌蚪红细胞微核的研究

研究了１２种洗发香波对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的诱变效应。蝌蚪对各试验液中染毒７ｄ，采心脏血制片。结果表明，８种洗发香波能诱发蝌蚪红细胞微核率显著升高，其致变效应与洗发香波浓度及染毒时间有关。     

蚕豆根尖微核技术监测农药污染的研究

环境污染会引起染色体畸变而形成微核.本实验表明农药甲胺膦对蚕豆根尖有明显的微核效应,在一定范围内微核率与实验用农药甲胺膦浓度成正比.当甲胺膦达到一定浓度时即成为诱变污染物,对遗传物质表现出明显的损伤作用.浓度越高,损伤越严重.     

吸入柴油机排出物对小鼠骨髓细胞微核出现率的影响

小鼠吸入过滤或未过滤的柴油机排出物，染毒８ｈ／ｄ，分别染毒２、５、８ｄ后，发现小鼠骨髓细胞微核率明显升高。吸入过滤后排出物的小鼠骨髓细胞微核出现率低于未过滤组。柴油机排出物对小鼠染色体有一定的损伤作用，过滤后的柴油机排出颗粒物中，致染色体损伤的物质减少，不同吸入时间（２、５、８ｄ）对小鼬骨髓细胞微核出现率，没有显著差异。     

温州市区内河的水质毒性评价

采用分析水质理化指标及蚕豆根尖微核试验对城市内河水进行监测,并结合现场调查,评价温州市区内河水污染状况,结果表明市区内河水污染较重,并具有一定遗传毒性。     

Genotoxicity monitoring of freshwater environments using caged crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)

Genotoxicity of freshwater pollution was assessed by measuring DNA damage in haemocytes of caged freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus by the means of Comet assay and micronucleus test, integrated with the measurements of physiological (total protein concentration) and immunological (total haemocyte count) haemolymph parameters as biomarkers of undergone stress. Crayfish were collected at the reference site (River Mre?nica) and exposed in cages for 1 week at three polluted sites along the Sava River (Zagreb, Sisak, Krapje). The long term pollution status of these locations was confirmed by chemical analyses of sediments. Statistically significant increase in DNA damage measured by the Comet assay was observed at all three polluted sites comparing to the crayfish from reference site. In addition, native crayfish from the mildly polluted site (Krapje) cage-exposed on another polluted site (Zagreb) showed lower DNA damage than crayfish from the reference site exposed at the same location indicating adaptation and acclimatisation of crayfish to lower levels of pollution. Micronuclei induction showed similar gradient of DNA damage as Comet assay, but did not reach the statistical significance. Observed increase in total haemocyte count and total protein content in crayfish from polluted environments in the Sava River also confirmed stress caused by exposure to pollution. The results of this study have proved the applicability of caging exposure of freshwater crayfish A. leptodactylus in environmental genotoxicity monitoring using Comet assay and micronucleus test.     

利用紫露草微核效应检测工业废水技术的研究

利用紫露草微核技术检测废水微核效应,往往会遇到因废水pH值过高、过低,或由于废水成分复杂、毒性大,难以进行微核检测。为此,作者研究了有关的技术,取得了理想的结果。研究结果表明,调节废水pH值会使废水中金属离子价态发生改变而改变其化学形态,所以在进行微核检测时,以不调pH值的原状态废水为最好。废水在一定剂量范围内对紫露草微核具有诱变作用,所以处理剂量要视废水的毒性、pH值的不同而不同。最好在检测前作好预实验,找出处理紫露草花序的适宜剂量;同时还要以四分体中不出现死细胞为宜。     

氯仿,四氯化碳对蚕豆根尖细胞微核诱发效应的比较研究

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核方法检测氯仿、四氯化碳的诱变效应,结果表明,氯仿从０．０１ｇ／Ｌ至１．０各浓度组微核率明显高于阴性对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,亦高于阳性对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,四氯化碳从０．０１ｇ／Ｌ至１．０ｇ／Ｌ各浓度组微核率同样明显高于阴性及阳性对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,且同一浓度的２种药物诱发微核率比较,氯仿高于四氯化碳,差异非常显著,说明氯仿的诱变活性强于四氯化碳。     

东大湖养鱼场水质遗传毒理的检测研究

本文报道了利用蚕豆根尖微核技术和鱼周血有核红细胞微核技术检测东大潮5个渔场的水质污染情况。结果为：各渔场蚕豆根尖MCN‰与对照（自来水）存在显著差异（F＞F(0．01)，P＜0．01），根据污染指数划分：A、B两渔场为重污染，C、D为中度污染，E为轻污染。各渔场鱼周血有核红细胞MCN‰与无明显污染源水体（柏录）存在着显著性差异（F＞F(0．01)，P＜0．01）。两种方法检测结果呈一致性，污染程度为A≈B＞C≈D＞E。微核率变化主要受污染源性质及位置的影响。将两种遗传毒性检测方法与化学方法检测相配合．能全面、准确、快速地监测水体污染状况，具有广泛的应用前景。     

助动车尾气对哺乳动物的致突变作用

对３种牌号助动车排出尾气中的颗粒提取物，采用小鼠微核试验进行研究。结果表明，３种牌号助动车排出的颗粒提取物有导致小鼠微核出现的提高，且有一定的剂量一反应关系，提示助动车排出的颗粒提取物对哺乳类动物染色体有损伤作用。研究中未发现各牌号车型之间 核出现率的明显差别。