广东乐昌铅锌尾矿的酸化潜力

利用净产酸试验(NAG)和净产酸潜力试验(NAPP)方法,研究了广东乐昌铅锌尾矿的产酸潜力.该尾矿的黄铁矿的硫和总硫含量分别为12.57%和18.68%,NAG和NAPP值分别为H₂SO₄ 220 kg·t^-1和326 kg·t^-1,NAG和NAPP的试验结果都表明该尾矿有着很高的产酸潜力.由于黄铁矿硫不会完全被氧化,NAG比NAPP可更为准确地预测尾矿的产酸潜力.2个剖面的分析表明,因氧化难以进入尾矿深部,酸化主要发生在尾矿表面0～20cm,且对下层尾矿的影响很小.尾矿的pH值与EC值显著负相关,表明酸化促进乐昌尾矿中盐分的溶解和重金属的迁移,在酸化的表层,有效态Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd含量显著高于未酸化的下层,而Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd的总量却显著低于未酸化的下层.     

BANKFULL DISCHARGE RECURRENCE INTERVALS AND REGIONAL HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS: PATTERNS IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST,USA1

ABSTRACT: The model bankfull discharge recurrence interval (annual series) (T_a) in streams has been approximated at a 1.5‐year flow event. This study tests the linkage between regional factors (climate, physiography, and ecoregion) and the frequency of bank‐full discharge events in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Patterns of Ta were found to be significant when stratified by EPA Ecoregion. The mean value for T_a in the PNW is 1.4 years; however, when the data is stratified by ecoregion, the humid areas of western Oregon and Washington have a mean value of 1.2 years, while the dryer areas of Idaho and eastern Oregon and Washington have a mean value of 1.4 to 1.5 years. Among the four factors evaluated, vegetation association and average annual precipitation are the primary factors related to channel form and T_a. Based on the results of the T_a analyses, regional hydraulic geometry relationships of streams were developed for the PNW, which relate variables, such as bank‐full cross‐sectional area, width, depth, and velocity, to bankfull discharge and drainage area. The verification of T_a values, combined with the development of regional hydraulic geometry relationships, provides geographically relevant information that will result in more accurate estimates of hydraulic geometry variables in the PNW.     

厦门地区大气中致酸物质的天然源排放研究

在1993年的春季和秋季对厦门地区重要的致酸物质天然排放源排放的主要物质进行了大规模的通量观测,并根据通量观测结果用重量面积法估算了该地区天然致酸物质的年排放量?结果表明:厦门地区天然致酸物质的排放主要以硫化物和有机物为主,硫化物主要来源于海滨泥滩和水田,总排放量达2090.2t/a(以硫计);氮氧化物的排放主要来源于水田,总排放量达266.96t/a(以氮计);马尾松和木麻黄的有机致酸物排放量相当可观,分别可达2831.1和423.8t/a?      

远程等离子体改善PVC生物填料表面性能的研究

'通过4种远程等离子体(Ar、He、O₂、N₂)对PVC填料进行表面改性,采用接触角测量和X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)等手段,分析了改性前后PVC填料表面结构性能,评价了在等离子体表面改性中电子、离子、自由基的影响.结果表明,PVC表面经远程等离子体处理后,其表面润湿性和表面化学成分均发生变化,在最佳表面改性条件(放电功率60W,放电时间3min,Ar气流量为20cm³/s在距放电区40cm)下,PVC表面的(O+N)/C即从7%增加到22%,表面的水接触角从97°下降到15°以下.改性后的PVC填料表面生物膜形成速度加快,生物量显著增加.     

浙江省武义县三坑口滑坡分析及减灾对策

浙江省东南部的沿海山区丘陵地带，每年梅雨季节和台风讯期的集中降水和强降雨引发的滑坡、泥石流等突发性地质灾害，给地质环境原本就脆弱的山区人民的基本建设和生产生活造成了严重的威胁。分析山区滑坡灾害的发生机理，提出工程防治措施，是本文的研究目的。通过对浙江省武义县三坑口滑坡的岩性、滑体、滑动面的特征等水文地质条件的实地调查，分析滑坡各部分的稳定性后，文章指出：研究区滑坡的形成机制是该区地质构造背景、气候降雨和人类不合理的工程活动等因素综合作用的结果。需因地制宜地采取社会防范对策和工程技术防治措施，为当地突发性地质灾害的预警预报，构建和谐、科学和可持续的山区民居生存环境，为各级政府制定减灾政策提供可靠的技术依据。     

整体壁板增量压弯试验与模拟

采用逐点增量弯曲的方法对网格式带筋整体壁板进行了试验研究,并进行了有限元模拟。研究表明:采用增量压弯成形工艺可以成形出具有一定曲率外形的整体壁板;压弯过程中蒙皮始终处于弹性变形阶段,筋条既有弹性变形产生,又有塑性变形产生;压下量达到一定值时,塑性变形的比率急剧增加。     

Dynamic changes in microbial activity and community structure during biodegradation of petroleum compounds： A laboratory experiment

With 110-d incubation experiment in laboratory,the responses of microbial quantity,soil enzymatic activity,and bacterial community structure to different amounts of diesel fuel amendments were studied to reveal whether certain biological and biochemical characteristics could serve as reliable indicators of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in meadow-brown soil,and use these indicators to evaluate the actual ecological impacts of 50-year petroleum-refining wastewater irrigation on soil function in Sbenfu irrigation area.Results showed that amendments of≤1000 mg/kg diesel fuel stimulated the growth of aerobic beterotrophic bacteria,and increased the activity of soil dehydrogenase,hydrogenperoxidase,polypbenol oxidase and substrate-induced respiration.Soil bacterial diversity decreased slightly during the first 15 d of incubation and recovered to the control level on day 30.The significant decrease of the colony forming units of soil actinomyces and filamentous fungi can be taken as the sensitive biological indicators of petroleum contamination when soil was amended with≥5000 mg/kg diesel fuel.The sharp decrease in urease activity was recommended as the most sensitive biochemical indicator of heavy diesel fuel contamination.The shifts in community structure to a community documented by Sphingomonadaceae withinα-subgroup of Proteobacteria could be served as a sensitive and precise indicator of diesel fuel contamination.Based on the results described in this paper,the soil function in Shenfu irrigation area was disturbed to some extent.     

同轴分层流旋流燃烧器NO_x生成特性研究

同轴分层流旋流燃烧器是一种新型低NO_x燃烧器,可以通过1、2次风的适当配置,达到降低NO_x生成的目的.在自行开发设计的同轴旋转分层流旋流燃烧器上,对不同1、2次风旋流强度,1、2次风不同配比工况下NO_x的生成特性进行了研究.结果表明,1次风需要保持一定的旋流强度,并达到一定的水平,同时2次风配以适当的旋流强度,在一定的1次风率下,才能达到降低NO_x生成量的目的.在本文试验条件下,1次风旋流强度为0.35～0.47,同时2次风配以适当的旋流强度和1次风率,分别为1.30～1.50和33%,NO_x生成量低于其他工况.在运用旋转射流分层流原理的同时配以适当的机械方法,如增加扩口,NO_x生成与排放水平可以进一步适当降低.     

岩溶塌陷的致塌力学模型研究——以泰安市东羊娄岩溶塌陷为例

2003年5月泰安市东羊娄村发生大型岩溶塌陷地质灾害,仅塌陷坑面积就达750m2。经调查研究,真空吸蚀致塌和重力致塌是该岩溶塌陷形成的致塌力学机制,致塌力主要为覆盖层土体自身重力和地下水快速下降过程中形成的真空负压吸蚀力。根据岩溶塌陷形成机理的分析结果,分3部分建立了岩溶塌陷的致塌力学综合模型,即基于普氏天然平衡拱理论的土洞极限平衡高度公式、基于极限平衡理论的桶状塌陷坑形成判别公式和基于莫尔-库伦强度理论的漏斗状塌坑形成判别公式,经东羊娄村岩溶塌陷后验分析,计算结果与岩溶塌陷的实际情况基本吻合。     

金属体积塑性成形过程数值模拟技术与仿真系统

介绍了金属体积塑性成形过程数值模拟方法、关键应用技术及其仿真系统的构成和国内外相关软件系统,对二维、三维有限元网格自动生成技术进行了较为详细的论述,综述了金属塑性成形过程优化设计方法、有限体积法以及无网格方法的国内外现状。最后给出了目前存在的问题及其将来应努力的方向。