Synthesis and antifungal property of N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane and its derivatives

N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane and its derivatives were designed and synthesized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) techniques were applied to characterize chemical structures, and the filter paper disk method was used to test for antifungal effect of the products against Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces variotii, and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Chemical structure charaterization showed that the products are target compounds. Antimicrobial experiment results indicated that N,N′-bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane displayed reliable antifungal effects against three fungi, and its antifungal effect is close to that of cinnamaldehyde. N,N′-bis(p-methoxy cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane and N,N′-bis(p-chlorocinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane also showed antifungal effects at a low concentration. Of the two, N,N′-bis(p-methoxy cinnamaldehyde)-1,2-diiminoethane appeared to be more suitable as it was more effective at higher concentrations against Paecilomyces.     

不同作物根系多环芳烃吸收特征差异的比较研究

为选育不/少或超量吸收多环芳烃(PAHs)的植物品种进而进行农产品的安全生产和PAHs污染环境的植物修复,以菲为PAHs的代表物,比较了水培条件下3种常见农作物(大豆、小麦、胡萝卜)根系吸收菲的动力学特征差异.结果表明,3种作物根系对水培液中的菲有明显的吸收和累积作用,且菲的吸收量随时间延长而增加,整个吸收过程可分为快速吸收和慢速吸收2个阶段;3种作物根系菲吸收能力的大小为大豆>胡萝卜>小麦;作物根系吸收菲量与吸收时间的关系可以用Elovich方程拟合,大豆、胡萝卜和小麦根系菲吸收速率常数分别为4.31、4.10和2.84 mg.(kg.h)-1;作物根系菲吸收的动力学曲线可用米氏方程表征,大豆、胡萝卜和小麦根系菲的Km值分别为0.117、0.124和0.540 mg.L-1;根系菲吸收会导致营养液pH升高,pH升高的趋势和吸收速率常数k与Km值相对应,且与3种作物根系吸收能力的大小一致.因此可用根系吸收速率常数k、米氏常数Km值和水培液pH的变化表征作物根系吸收PAHs的能力差异,且从受影响因素的多寡角度考虑,吸收速率常数k和米氏常数Km较pH变化更适合.     

南京市蔬菜中多环芳烃污染特征及健康风险分析

为了研究南京市食物中多环芳烃的污染特征及其对人群的健康影响,本研究在南京市大型农贸市场和超市采集了当地居民普遍食用的8种蔬菜样品,使用微波萃取-气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了蔬菜中的8种多环芳烃。结果表明,多环芳烃(PAHs)总含量为53.2±7.54~290±6.80 ng/g,其中4环占总PAHs的50.0%;不同类型蔬菜中多环芳烃含量为叶菜类果菜类根茎类。运用特征比值法、等级聚类分析法源解析得到来源地蔬菜中PAHs主要来自于燃煤、石油或者其他生物质的不完全燃烧。南京市不同人群对多环芳烃的摄食暴露量是193~328 ng/d,引起的终生增量致癌风险在4.12×10-6~2.39×10-5范围内,处于低致癌风险水平,但是其健康影响仍不容忽视。     

黑麦草和牵牛花对铬耐受能力和积累效果的指标表征研究

目前土壤中重金属铬(Cr)污染严重,有效筛选植物修复资源迫在眉睫.本文通过盆栽试验分析了Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)胁迫下黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和牵牛花(Pharibitis purpurea(L.)Voigt)的生长、生理及Cr积累等指标,探究了两种植物对Cr耐受能力及积累效果.结果表明,生长指标能直观反映出Cr胁迫下植物的受害程度.低浓度Cr(Ⅲ)(250 mg·kg-1)促进植物生长,株高、根长和生物量显著升高(P0.05),而所有浓度Cr(Ⅵ)(≥25 mg·kg-1)均损害植物生长,且植物根长对Cr毒害更为敏感.植物生理指标既表征了Cr对植物的毒害程度,又可反映植物对Cr的耐受能力.Cr胁迫下,植物根系活力降低、丙二醛含量升高,对植物生理损害的表征具有代表性;而脯氨酸含量升高,既表征了植物的受害程度又提高了植物体内渗透平衡;SOD、POD活性升高,则增强了植物的抗氧化应激水平.Cr积累指标是筛选Cr积累植物的主要指标.黑麦草和牵牛花对Cr(Ⅵ)积累浓度大于Cr(Ⅲ),两种植物根部Cr(Ⅵ)积累浓度最高分别可达957.4 mg·kg-1和743.3 mg·kg-1,地上部最高可达394.7 mg·kg-1和340.4 mg·kg-1;黑麦草根部富集能力优于牵牛花,最大富集系数可达15.55,但牵牛花对Cr的转运能力较好.通过指标表征综合说明黑麦草和牵牛花可作为Cr污染土壤植物修复的备选植物.     

人工合成水铁矿对含磷废水的吸附性能

采用人工合成水铁矿Ferror Mox(FM)作为处理含磷废水的吸附剂.利用SEM、EDS、XRD、FTIR和Raman等分析手段确定FM为无定形状态的2 L水铁矿,主要由Fe、O、Ca、Si等元素组成.通过实验考察该材料作为除磷吸附剂的效果,研究了不同因素对FM除磷效率的影响,并对其吸附除磷的机制进行了分析.结果表明,在吸附时间60 min、磷酸盐溶液初始p H为2、相对投加量为7 g·L~(-1)、反应温度为25℃、初始含磷浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)、溶液体积为50 m L的条件下,磷酸盐的去除率达到99.14%;在不同温度下的吸附等温式均满足Langmuir等温吸附模型,相关系数达到0.95以上;由热力学参数可知,FM吸附磷酸盐的反应属于自发(式)的吸热反应;FM去除磷酸盐的反应用准一级动力学模型和准二级动力学模型均可以描述;通过再生实验可知,用0.1 mol·L~(-1)的氢氧化钠溶液可以使99%左右吸附在FM上的磷酸盐解吸下来.因此,FM适合作为处理含磷废水的吸附材料.     

Size distribution of black (BC) and total carbon (TC) in Vienna and Ljubljana

During two campaigns in winter 2004, size segregated impactor samples (0.1-10 microm) and filter samples were taken in two Central European cities (Vienna, Austria and Ljubljana, Slovenia). The impactor samples were analyzed for major inorganic ions and short-chain organic acids, total carbon (TC) and black carbon (BC). Maximum concentrations of total mass were 71.6 microg m(-3) in Vienna and 73.1 microg m(-3) in Ljubljana. Minimum concentrations in Vienna were only half those in Ljubljana. The BC content of the aerosol was similar (ca. 8%), but the BC/TC ratio was higher in Vienna than in Ljubljana (0.39 vs. 0.29), reflecting the different contribution of diesel traffic emissions. The mass median diameters of the submicron size distributions of all major fractions (total mass, TC, BC and SO(4)(2-)) were smaller in Vienna (0.43 microm, 0.41 microm, 0.38 microm and 0.48 microm, respectively) than in Ljubljana (0.55 microm, 0.44 microm, 0.42 microm and 0.60 microm, respectively). Impactor/filter ratios for total mass were 0.79 in Vienna and 0.82 in Ljubljana, while the ratios for BC were 0.56 in Vienna and 0.49 in Ljubljana. An estimation of the mixing state of accumulation mode BC indicated that 33% and 37% of BC, respectively, are mixed externally to the aerosol in the accumulation size range in Vienna and Ljubljana.     

Hydraulic characterization for steam enhanced remediation conducted in fractured rock

To explore the viability of Steam Enhanced Remediation (SER) in fractured rock a small-scale steam injection and water/vapour extraction pilot study was conducted at the former Loring Air Force Base in northern Maine, USA. A detailed well testing program was undertaken to assist in the design of the injection and extraction well array, and to assess the possibility of off-site heat and contaminant migration. A structurally complex limestone having low matrix porosity and a sparse distribution of fractures underlies the study site. To characterize the groundwater and steam flow pathways, single-well slug tests and more than 100 pulse interference tests were conducted. The results of the well testing indicate that the study site is dominated by steeply dipping bedding plane fractures that are interconnected only between some wells in the injection/extraction array. The SER system was designed to take advantage of interconnected fractures located at depth in the eastern end of the site. An array of 29 wells located in an area of 60 by 40 m was used for steam injection and water/vapour extraction. The migration of heat was monitored in several wells using thermistor arrays having a 1.5 m vertical spacing. Temperature measurements obtained during and after the 3 month steam injection period showed that heat migration generally occurred along those fracture features identified by the pulse interference testing. Based on these results, it is concluded that the pulse interference tests were valuable in assisting with the design of the injection/extraction well geometry and in predicting the migration pathways of the hot water associated with the steam injection. The pulse interference test method should also prove useful in support of any other remedial method dependant on the fracture network for delivery of remedial fluid or extraction of contaminants.     

异养硝化细菌的分离及其硝化特性实验研究

采用将传统微生物学方法与现代分子生物学手段相结合的新型异养硝化细菌的分离筛选方法,从具有80.1%的SND效果的MBR系统中分离筛选出2株异养硝化细菌,通过生理生化实验、16S rDNA的序列分析,认定为属新报道的异养型硝化细菌.通过批式试验考察了分离纯化得到的异养硝化细菌的硝化性能.结果表明,Bacillussp.LY及Brevibacillussp.LY具有异养微生物的性质,在充分利用有机碳进行有氧呼吸的同时还具有较强的硝化及脱氮能力:24d好氧培养后,COD的去除率分别为71.7%及52.6%;氨氮的转化率分别为78.2%及51.2%;总氮的转化率分别为69.2%及35.6%.     

Recovery of foundry sands and iron fractions from an industrial waste landfill

This study was performed to analyse the technical and economical feasibility of a project concerning the recovery of foundry wastes from a landfill. In such a context, an evaluation of the total amount of residues that could be recovered was performed by using the physical chemical characterization of landfilled wastes: molding and core sands, furnace dusts, finishing dusts, muds, calcium hydroxide and refractory slags. Field tests were realized employing both geophysical methods both the digging of trenches.Two cells of the landfill were investigated by means of geophysical methods using magnetic and electromagnetic techniques. The physical and chemical characterization of wastes was employed in order to determine the best geophysical methods to locate the useful fractions of wastes in landfill and to establish the occurring treatment cycle for the recovery of useful fractions.A cost–benefit analysis was performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed landfill mining operation.