Characterization and assessment of “Kullar Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant” wastewaters

We investigated conventional characterization of wastewaters of the "Kullar Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant." In the study of conventional characterization; 23 composite samples, which were taken during 10 months, were used and analysed as COD, BOD5, TKN, NH3-N, SS, VSS, TP, RP, TS, Alkalinity, oil and grease, detergent, chloride parameters. For determine of the plant efficiency, 8 output grab samples were taken. The COD and BOD5 values of influent, respectively, ranging from 37 to 1,056 mg/L and 8 to 140 mg/L in total wastewater. The meanly BOD5/COD ratio was calculated as 0.34 in total wastewaters.     

再生气氛对CuO/AC脱硫活性的影响

本文考察了不同气氛再生后ＣｕＯ／ＡＣ脱硫剂的二次脱硫活性,并藉借助ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ表征技术以及对再生后脱硫剂残硫的分析,探讨了脱硫剂以不同还原剂在不同温度下再生后二次脱硫活性差异的内在原因,结果表明：脱硫剂经Ｈ２再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相比出现大幅度下降,Ｈ２气氛中添加Ｈ２Ｏ可提高其二次脱硫活性;经ＮＨ３在３００℃再生后二次脱硫活性与初活性相当,两次再生后仍未观察到活性的明显下降,ＮＨ３再生时脱硫     

基于GIS云平台的环境监测数据三维表征设计与应用初探

三维可视化是描绘和理解模型的一种手段,是数据体的一种表征形式。环境监测数据是空间数据场,可实现三维可视化的科学表达。监测数据的表征,可结合相关环境要素共同还原场景,以直观形象地表达环境状况的空间分布特征。不同的监测数据具有不同的特征,可分别进行表征方式的设计。通过研究水体污染、大气污染、噪声污染等数据场的三维表征设计,探索了三维可视化在深度数据挖掘、说明环境问题等方面的应用价值。     

Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy for characterization of organic matter in membrane bioreactors: Principles,methods and applications

• Principles and methods for fluorescence EEM are systematically outlined. • Fluorophore peak/region/component and energy information can be extracted from EEM. • EEM can fingerprint the physical/chemical/biological properties of DOM in MBRs. • EEM is useful for tracking pollutant transformation and membrane retention/fouling. • Improvements are still needed to overcome limitations for further studies. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology is a rising star for wastewater treatment. The pollutant elimination and membrane fouling performances of MBRs are essentially related to the dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the system. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, a powerful tool for the rapid and sensitive characterization of DOM, has been extensively applied in MBR studies; however, only a limited portion of the EEM fingerprinting information was utilized. This paper revisits the principles and methods of fluorescence EEM, and reviews the recent progress in applying EEM to characterize DOM in MBR studies. We systematically introduced the information extracted from EEM by considering the fluorescence peak location/intensity, wavelength regional distribution, and spectral deconvolution (giving fluorescent component loadings/scores), and discussed how to use the information to interpret the chemical compositions, physiochemical properties, biological activities, membrane retention/fouling behaviors, and migration/transformation fates of DOM in MBR systems. In addition to conventional EEM indicators, novel fluorescent parameters are summarized for potential use, including quantum yield, Stokes shift, excited energy state, and fluorescence lifetime. The current limitations of EEM-based DOM characterization are also discussed, with possible measures proposed to improve applications in MBR monitoring.     

污泥活性炭净水剂的制备及表征

以5种不同污水处理厂的污泥为原料,采用ZnCl2活化法(ZnCl2与污泥的投配质量比例为3∶5,活化24 h,炭化温度为550℃,炭化1 h)制备污泥活性炭。并对制得的污泥活性炭的比表面积、粒径分布、孔径分布、官能团及制备后浸出毒性等进行表征,初步判定来自不同污水厂、不同类型污泥化学改性后制得活性炭具有较好的吸附性能,从技术角度上看,作为废水的净水剂是可行的。     

聚乙烯醇在超临界水氧化中降解

以H2O2为氧化剂用间歇式超临界水氧化装置对聚乙烯醇(PVA)废水进行降解研究。通过正交实验,考察了反应温度、压力、时间及氧化剂过氧倍数对降解效果的影响,并且采用GC/MS对液相降解产物进行表征推测其可能降解途径。结果表明:PVA在SCWO体系中能完全降解,反应温度440℃、压力28 MPa、氧化剂过氧倍数4、反应40 min时,COD去除率为99.03%,出水COD=89.09 mg/L。PVA在SCWO体系中降解为烯烃、烯酮、醇和羧酸类中间产物、最终降解为小分子的饱和直链烷烃类液相产物。     

Breakthrough Curves Characterization and Identification of an Unknown Pollution Source in Groundwater System Using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Contamination of groundwater constrains its uses and poses a serious threat to the environment. Once groundwater is contaminated, the cleanup may be difficult and expensive. Identification of unknown pollution sources is the first step toward adopting any remediation strategy. The proposed methodology exploits the capability of a universal function approximation by a feed-forward multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) to identify the sources in terms of its location, magnitudes, and duration of activity. The back-propagation algorithm is utilized for training the ANN to identify the source characteristics based on simulated concentration data at specified observation locations in the aquifer. Uniform random generation and the Latin hypercube sampling method of random generation are used to generate temporal varying source fluxes. These source fluxes are used in groundwater flow and the transport simulation model to generate necessary data for the ANN model-building processes. Breakthrough curves obtained for the specified pollution scenario are characterized by different methods. The characterized breakthrough curves parameters serve as inputs to ANN model. Unknown pollution source characteristics are outputs for ANN model. Experimentation is also performed with different number of training and testing patterns. In addition, the effects of measurement errors in concentration measurements values are used to show the robustness of ANN based methodology for source identification in case of erroneous data.     

高分子材料服役寿命预测方法最新进展

高分子材料在使用过程中,由于受各种环境因素作用,会逐步出现性能下降,甚至丧失使用价值的老化现象,不仅造成资源浪费,更形成安全隐患。为应对老化问题,研究者以各种宏观性能或微观结构、组份的变化来表征老化过程,针对高分子材料的环境适应性开展了大量研究工作,并在此基础上提出了不同的老化机理和服役寿命预测方法。从高分子材料老化过程表征的视角,综述了近年来高分子材料服役寿命预测方法的最新进展。     

国外生命周期影响评价中酸化模型的方法概述

生命周期影响评价是生命周期评价的重要组成部分,而其中的特征化过程是实现定量评价的关键步骤。酸化（Acidification）是生命周期影响评价（LCIA）中最为普遍的影响类型之一,指由酸性气体排放引起生态环境破坏以及人体健康的损害。欧洲、北美、日本等发达国家都建立了自己的生命周期影响评价体系,本文分析了这些地区存在的酸化模型方法,对建立中国的生命周期评价数据库具有重要的意义。     

单臂冠醚—金属卟啉配合物的合成与表征

利用磺酰氯键将苯并15-冠-5和5-(2-羟基苯基)- 10,15,20-三(4-硝基苯基)交联,合成了单臂冠醚一卟啉配体(CNTPP)及其金属配合物(CNIPPMn和CNTPPCo).通过红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱与光电子能谱对化合物和配合物进行结构分析表明,在489cm-1和480cm-1出现M-N键的吸收蜂,在1360cm-1和1363cm-1处有S=O键吸收峰.配位中心离子进入卟啉环后引起配合物CNTPPM分子的对称性提高,使Sorct带发生位移,且N原子与金属离子形成配位键后,其中一对N电子结合能升高,另外一对N原子下降,且导致配合物中M2p3/2的电子结合能变大.