稀土酞菁锰对表面活性剂(LAS)的催化氧化性能研究

研究了一种新型含稀土酞菁锰(KCeO2MnPcX)催化剂对水中表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)氧化降解的催化性能,讨论了影响催化氧化反应的各种因素,并确定了最佳反应条件。同时初步探讨了这种催化剂对表面活性剂的催化氧化机理,为处理表面活性剂废水提供了新的途径。     

An efficient technology to treat heavy metal--lead--contaminated soil by microwave radiation

Microwave (MW) technology can be used to vitrify contaminated soil wastes and immobilize heavy metal ions in soils. More than 93% of the Pb(II)-contaminated soil was vitrified to a glass/ceramic formation after 30 min of MW radiation. In a 6-year study, the Pb(II) concentration of the vitrified soil in the leaching test was less than 1.0 mg/l, which is substantially below the USEPA regulatory limit of 5.0 mg/l.     

微波辐照热解废印刷电路板产物的分析研究

为了减少电子废弃物对环境的危害,实现其资源化回收利用,研究了微波辐照热解废印刷电路板的效果,并采用红外光谱、气相色谱质谱和X荧光光谱等方法对热解产物的组成及性质进行了分析.结果显示:微波热解得到的气体、液体、固体的产率分别为7%～33%、26%～45%、31%～51%,其中气体主要由CO、CO2、H2及有机烃类组成,可燃性气体占70%(体积分数)左右,可作为燃料气加以利用;液体分为水相及油相,经常压蒸馏后得到的120～250 ℃馏分主要为单酚化合物,苯酚高达50%(质量分数)左右,甲基苯酚和邻甲基苯酚为25%(质量分数)以上,是良好的化工原料;固体中除炭外,还含有许多金属如铅、锡和铜等,可以回收利用.说明微波热解技术处理电子废弃物可实现资源化回收利用.     

隔油沉淀-预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺处理屠宰加工废水

对屠宰加工过程中产生的中高浓度有机废水采用预曝调节-接触氧化-气浮工艺进行处理。当进水COD浓度为980~1200mg/L时,出水COD浓度可降至76.1~104mg/L,优于国家《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(GB13457-92)二级标准,此工艺的抗冲击负荷能力较强,适应于间歇性生产和季节性生产的屠宰加工企业。     

啤酒废水处理站的工程设计

本项目以哈尔滨啤酒(沈阳)有限公司啤酒厂为设计对象,其啤酒废水处理规模为1500m3/d,进水CODCr2000~2800mg/L。采用预处理-预酸化-IC反应器-活性污泥法-过滤为主体工艺,出水达到《辽宁省污水与废气排放标准》(DB21-60-89中一级标准)。为啤酒行业废水综合治理提供了较好的工艺途径。     

微波联合消解流动注射光度法测定水中总氮和总磷

利用微波联合消解水样,采用流动注射分析技术,建立了在线测定水中总氮和总磷的快速分析方法.优化了试验条件,在线性范围内,总氮和总磷的工作曲线线性关系良好,检出限分别为0.03 mg/L和0.01 mg/L,相对标准偏差分别为1.5%和1.2%,加标回收率分别为96.7%～103%和98.8%～102%.     

煤与瓦斯突出影响因素评价分析的模糊层次分析方法

在综合分析煤与瓦斯突出的影响因素的基础上,采用模糊层次分析法（FAHP）建立了煤与瓦斯突出模糊层次分析模型并进行了实例分析,确定了煤与瓦斯突出各影响因素的权重系数。评价结果表明：地应力、地质构造、瓦斯压力等是影响煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素。为制定相应的煤与瓦斯突出防治措施,提供了科学的理论依据和切合实际情况的评价方法。     

On-line production of ferrate with an electrochemical method and its potential application for wastewater treatment – A review

A number of studies on the oxidation of various organic/inorganic contaminants by ferrate(VI) were reported in the 1980s and 1990s. The exploration of the use of ferrate(VI) for water and wastewater treatment has been well addressed recently. However, challenges have existed for the implementation of ferrate(VI) technology in practice due to the instability of a ferrate solution or high production cost of solid ferrate products. The research has been carried out aiming at the generation and application of ferrate(VI) in situ. This paper thus reviews ferrate chemistry and its overall performance as a water treatment chemical, discusses the factors affecting the ferrate yield efficiency using the electrochemical method, and finally, summarises the work on the production and use of ferrate in situ which is currently under study.     

Inactivation of Ascaris eggs in soil by microwave treatment compared to UV and ozone treatment

This study reports on the effect of microwave radiation for inactivation of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs in 25 g of soil compared to ultraviolet irradiation and ozone expose. Microwave radiation at 700 W with 14% water content (w/w) achieved approximately 2.5 log inactivation of eggs in soil within 60 s. On the other hand, UV irradiation at 3 mW cm⁻² with and without shaking soil for 3600 s achieved approximately 0.32 and 0.01 log inactivation of eggs, respectively. In ozone treatment, 0.13 log inactivation of eggs was achieved with 5.8 ± 0.7 mg L⁻¹ of dissolved ozone dose for 30 min in a continuous diffusion reactor. In addition, the inactivation of eggs by three disinfection techniques was conducted in water in order to compare the inactivation efficiency of eggs in soil. The inactivation efficiency of microwave radiation was found to be no significant difference between in soil and water. However, the inactivation efficiency of UV irradiation was significantly increased in water while in ozone expose there was no significant difference between in soil and water. Microwave treatment thus proved to be the most efficient method in controlling A. lumbricoides eggs in soil.     

The role of analogues in radioecology

If no data are available for a specific radionuclide its analogue could be used in radioecological models. They might be used not only in the frame of screening modelling. Relevant processes and features have to be known, such as time scales of these processes, physical, chemical and biological properties of the environment and relevant media. An analogue could only be proven to be valid by comparing its behaviour in the conditions of interest, while confidence in the validity of an analogue will increase as the quality of the justification increases, there will always be some residual uncertainty. Several main types of analogy can be used when measured or recommended values are not available: the same parameter obtained for another isotope of the same element; the same parameter obtained for another element; a different parameter obtained for the same element. There are several cases, when analogues might be applied as indicators of the determining processes in the radioecological studies.