Oxidation of acid-volatile sulfide in surface sediments increases the release and toxicity of copper to the benthic amphipod Melita plumulosa

Acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) are an important metal-binding phase in sediments. For sediments that contain an excess of AVS over simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) concentrations, acute or chronic effects should not result from the metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. While AVS phases may exist in surface sediments, the exposure to dissolved oxygen may oxidize the AVS and release metals to more bioavailable forms. We investigated the role of oxidation of AVS, and specifically copper sulfide phases, in surface sediments, in the toxicity to juveniles of the epibenthic amphipod, Melita plumulosa. Sediments containing known amounts of copper sulfide were prepared either in situ by reacting dissolved copper with AVS that had formed in field sediments or created in sediments within the laboratory, or by addition of synthesised CuS to sediments. Regardless of the form of the copper sulfide, considerable oxidation of AVS occurred during the 10-d tests. Sediments that had a molar excess of AVS compared to SEM at the start of the tests, did not always have an excess at the end of the tests. Consistent with the AVS-SEM model, no toxicity was observed for sediments with an excess of AVS throughout the tests. However, the study highlights the need to carefully consider the changes in AVS concentrations during tests, and that measurements of AVS and SEM concentrations should carefully target the materials to which the organisms are being exposed throughout tests, which in the case of juvenile M. plumulosa is the top few mm of the sediments.     

层次分析法在生态效率评价中的应用研究

生态效率作为循环经济发展水平的评价指标,对其进行客观性的评价十分重要。本文以无锡新区生态工业示范园区、苏州工业园区生态工业园和苏州高新区3个园区为例,提出了生态效率评价的层次分析法,在很大限度上避免了人为制定权重的主观性。同时,对3个园区的循环经济发展水平进行定量的对比。     

城市污水中电导率与COD相关性分析

标准法－重铬酸钾法测定COD的缺点是测定时间长，氯离子干扰大。微波密封消解法对此有了改进，具准确度高，精密度好等优点，但存在着设备较贵，试剂消耗量大，分析费用较高的问题。通过对郑州市金水河、东风渠、熊耳河三条河流的连续定位监测，结果表明，废水中的电导和COD两者之间存在着线性关系，在正常情况下，测定电导后，根据两者之间的线性关系，求算COD的值，从而缩短了实验的繁琐，减轻了污染，节约时间和费用。     

组合赋权法确定清河流域总量减排绩效评估指标权重

运用组合赋权法确定评价指标权重,是保证流域总量减排绩效评估结果合理、可靠的关键。通过对基于主观判断的层次分析法和依赖客观数据的均方差法的综合分析,构建了组合赋权模型。并将其应用于辽宁省清河流域的总量减排绩效评估指标权重的确定。结果表明,资金投入、水质和点源污染等几项指标权重较大,即对清河流域总量减排绩效管理影响严重。而组合赋权法能够综合考虑主观和客观因素对赋权结果的影响,避免了单一方法确定权重存在的局限性,为流域总量减排绩效评估提供了一种新的思路。     

磁黄铁矿氧化机理及酸性矿山废水防治的研究进展

磁黄铁矿是矿山尾矿堆中最为常见且分布很广的一种硫化铁矿物.由于硫化物矿物氧化后不仅产生酸性废水,还会释放出大量可溶的、生物可利用形态的微量金属,并且酸性环境会进一步增强这些有毒金属的移动性,因此是造成矿山周围水体环境污染的罪魁祸首.为了阻止或降低磁黄铁矿的自然风化反应速度从而达到源头治理酸性矿山废水的目的,首先必须研究它在各种条件下的氧化机理、氧化产物和氧化速度.对近年来国外在磁黄铁矿晶体结构、反应活性以及酸性矿山废水的产生与防治等方面的研究进行了综述.     

Sulfur-oxidizing autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment: elimination of excess sulfate production and alkalinity requirement

The activity of copper oxide, titanium carbide and silicon nitride nanoparticles for the oxidative degradation of environmentally relevant concentrations (μg L⁻¹ range) of enrofloxacin - an important veterinary antibiotic drug - in aqueous solutions was investigated. With hydrogen peroxide as an oxidative agent, both copper oxide and titanium carbide decrease the concentration of enrofloxacin by more than 90% over 12 h. Addition of sodium halide salts strongly increases the reaction rate of copper oxide nanoparticles. The mechanism for the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) was investigated by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR).     

De-colorization of Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN by a novel rotating electrochemical disc process

A novel electrochemical setup for wastewater treatment-rotating electrochemical disc process(RECDP)was developed in this article. The anode and cathode are distributed alternatively and evenly on a flat round disc,which was designed to improve mass transfer of organics from bulk solution to electrode surface,while at the same time increasing oxygen transfer from air to the liquid to benefit the organics oxidization.The color removal of dye Reactive Brilliant Orange X-GN(RBO)was experimentally investigate...     

太湖水荧光光谱分析

利用SP-2558多功能光谱测量系统,对太湖水、普通自来水和纯水在紫外光激励下产生的荧光光谱及其特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,太湖水在波长290nm左右的紫外光激励下能产生较强的荧光。荧光峰是360nm至510nm范围的宽谱峰,荧光峰值波长在453nm左右;在同一紫外光激励下,三种取样水所产生的荧光光谱有明显的差异。太湖水强而宽的荧光光谱来自于污染物,荧光光谱的差异对应水质污染的情况。研究方法可作为鉴别水质污染的一种有效的手段。     

土壤和河流沉积物中六六六和滴滴涕残留的测定

采用密闭微波提取、超声波提取、索氏提取对土壤和河流沉积物进行前处理,提取液经弗罗里硅土柱净化或浓硫酸净化.通过回收率实验和精密度实验对三种提取方法和两种净化方法进行比较,建立了微波提取土壤和河流沉积物中六六六和滴滴涕,浓硫酸净化,气相色谱一质谱测定的分析方法,方法回收率在84%～110%之间,精密度(RSD)在2.8%～9.9%之间.采用该方法对阜阳市废弃农药厂周围的土壤和河流沉积物中六六六和滴滴涕进行了监测.