湿污泥在流化床中干燥特性

在鼓泡流化床干燥器内,床料采用0～1 mm的石英砂,以热空气作为干燥介质,对城市污水污泥的流态化干燥特性进行实验研究。通过控制送风温度、流化风量、加料量、污泥粒径等参数,研究在不同工况条件下床温以及干污泥含水率的变化情况。结果表明,随着送风温度的升高,床温升高,干污泥含水率下降,最终趋向于一个稳定值8%。床温随流化风量的增加先是减小而后升高,干污泥的含水率随流化风量的增加先是降低而后增大。当加料量从11 kg/h增加到13kg/h时,干污泥的含水率基本没有变化,当加料量超过13 kg/h时,干污泥的含水率从8.1%开始呈递增趋势。随污泥粒径的增大,床温升高,干污泥含水率也随之升高。     

600 t/d新型污泥喷雾干化-焚烧 示范工程污染物去除效果

新型污泥喷雾干化-回转窑焚烧工艺是将脱水污泥通过雾化喷嘴形成滴雾后与高温烟气并流接触达到干化后再进行焚烧的集成技术.干化过程中湿污泥中有机物的挥发及该新型工艺的运行工况和污染物减排效果成为污泥处理处置领域关注的焦点.在对污泥喷雾干化焚烧工艺原理分析基础之上,对我国600 t/d新型污泥喷雾干化焚烧示范项目进行封闭式现场取样监测,通过成分分析、毒性监测等重点对污染物去除效果进行了研究,结果表明,该工艺通过自动控制可将出口烟气温度和干化污泥温度保持较稳定的状态,分别为(96±10)℃和(72±8)℃;喷雾干化塔内不存在粉尘爆炸危险,TVOC＜0.025 mg/m3;直接干化热利用率＞80％,优于间接干化;烟气排放口各指标均满足《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2001)的要求.     

污泥热干化和燃烧特性试验研究

分别在桨叶式干化机和热重仪上进行污泥干化和燃烧试验,研究了污泥干化特性和污染物排放特性,并对污泥的燃烧特性进行分析。结果表明,污泥干化过程分为黏稠区、粘滞区和颗粒区3个阶段。干化过程排放的污染气体有氨气、氯化氢、氟化氢、氰化氢、甲烷和挥发性有机酸等,其中氨气为主要污染气体。经冷凝吸收和活性炭吸附处理后,各种污染气体浓度均显著降低,其中氨气去除率最高,达97.04%。污泥干化冷凝液的BOD5和COD质量浓度分别为4 040、8 510mg/L,氨氮的质量浓度为1 025mg/L,pH为9.84,属于高浓度有机废水。污泥的燃烧过程可以分为3个失重阶段:水分析出阶段(50～150℃),挥发分燃烧阶段(150～450℃),固定碳燃烧阶段(450～650℃)。分别用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算挥发分燃烧阶段和固定碳燃烧阶段的活化能和动力学方程,挥发分燃烧阶段的活化能低于固定碳燃烧阶段,表明挥发分燃烧阶段污泥更易燃烧。污泥的燃烧过程在650℃时基本完成,因此实际工程应用中,设计干化污泥的焚烧温度在750℃比较合理。     

Microwave-assisted stripping of oil contaminated drill cuttings

The application of microwave heating technology to conventional gas stripping processes has been investigated in the remediation of contaminated drill cuttings. The technical feasibility and limitations of nitrogen and steam stripping processes are demonstrated, and it is shown that the combination of microwave heating with the stripping process offers a step change in performance. Order of magnitude improvements in processing time are shown for the microwave-assisted processes, as well as greatly improved levels of remediation. The mechanisms of contaminant removal are discussed, along with the phenomena which occur with microwave heating processes. The energy requirements of each of pure gas and microwave-assisted processes are also discussed, and the potential applications of each technology are highlighted relative to the overall remediation requirements.     

Degradation of anionic surfactants during drying of UASBR sludges on sand drying beds

Anionic surfactant (AS) concentrations in wet up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR) sludges from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) were found to range from 4480 to 9233mgkg(-1)drywt. (average 7347mgkg(-1)drywt.) over a period of 18 months. After drying on sand drying beds (SDBs), AS in dried-stabilized sludges averaged 1452mgkg(-1)drywt., a reduction of around 80%. The kinetics of drying followed simple first-order reduction of moisture with value of drying constant (k(d))=0.051d(-1). Reduction of AS also followed first-order kinetics. AS degradation rate constant (k(AS)) was found to be 0.034d(-1) and half-life of AS as 20 days. The order of rates of removal observed was k(d)>k(AS)>k(COD)>k(OM) (drying >AS degradation>COD reduction>organic matter reduction). For the three applications of dried-stabilized sludges (soil, agricultural soil, grassland), values of risk quotient (RQ) were found to be <1, indicating no risk.     

A case study of microwave processing of metal hydroxide sediment sludge from printed circuit board manufacturing wash water

The large quantity of wash water used in the electroplating and etching process in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) contains a high level of heavy metal ions (Cu⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Ni⁺⁺, Cr⁺⁺⁺, Pb⁺⁺). These potentially toxic ions are removed from the wash water effluent through a polyelectrolyte flocculation and hydroxide precipitation process during which a hydroxide sediment sludge rich in metal ions and polymers is generated. This sediment sludge possesses some unique characteristics and properties in terms of composition, fine particle size distribution, high specific surface area, and a tendency to agglomerate after drying. Direct disposal of this classified “special waste” (Department of Environment of Northern Ireland, The Special Waste Regulations, Northern Ireland, 1998) at landfill sites may cause serious soil and underground water pollution through a gradual ionic leaching process. This paper describes an experimental investigation, exploratory in nature, which employs microwave radiation for detoxification of the sediment sludge through microwave heating, drying and metal ion immobilization within the sediment solids. The effectiveness of microwave assisted binding and immobilization of the metal ions within the sediment solids was studied in conjunction with an evaluation of microwave energy efficiency in comparison to the more conventional convective heating and drying processes. Given a sufficient amount of microwave radiation, leaching of Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ was reduced by 2700% and 1080%, respectively, over a period of 12 weeks, and further leaching was not detectable within six months at simulated local landfill aqueous conditions. This paper also attempts, through experimental observation, to add to the very limited understanding of the complex interactions and binding of free metal ions with the polymeric materials and metal hydroxides under the influence of an electromagnetic field. The high specific surface of the sediment solids and their adsorption properties were further explored and characterized in a study of adsorption of reactive dyes by the microwave processed solids.     

Simulation and validation of a suitable model for thin layer drying of ginger rhizomes in an induced draft dryer

Variation in drying material and their biological differences, coupled with heat supply method in different dryers, makes mathematical modeling of drying complicated. Attempt was made to simulate a drying process and to identify best suitable model out of six selected drying models, for drying of ginger slices in a solar-biomass integrated drying system designed and developed for spice drying. Moisture content data were converted into the moisture ratio (MR) expressions and curve fitting with drying time for the selected drying models was analyzed. Sigma Plot software was used for nonlinear regression to the data obtained during drying and for modeling of drying curves. The suitability of the models was evaluated in terms of statistical parameters such as coefficient of determination (R²), mean percentage error (P), and standard error estimate. Drying air temperature was in the range of 47–55°C and air velocity was between 1.0 and 1.3 m s^?1. Ginger slices were dried from 88.13% to 7.65 ± 0.65% (wb) in 16 h. Trays were interchanged in a predetermined matrix sequence from 4 h onwards when moisture content was reduced to 60–70% (wb), for uniformity in drying. Highest value of R² (0.997), lowest value of SEE (0.020), and P value < 0.0001 established Page model as the best suitable model for the developed drying system. The predicted MRs were in good agreement with the experimental values and the effective moisture diffusivity for ginger was found to be 2.97 × 10^–7 m² s^?1.     

涂层烘干室本质化安全技术探讨

涂层烘干室使用单位时有爆炸事故发生,造成人员伤亡和财产损失,成为影响经济发展社会稳定不可忽视的因素.深圳市安监局为了加强对涂层烘干室使用单位的安全监督管理,及时发现和消除事故隐患,保障企业安全生产和从业人员人身安全,委托深圳市安全生产科学技术学会编制了《深圳市涂层烘干室使用管理安全要求及考评》(以下简称《要求及考评》)地方性专业安全指导文件.《要求及考评》旨在进一步帮助和指导涂层烘干室使用单位实施和增强安全管理,改善安全管理现状,提高安全管理水平,减少或杜绝事故.文章分别从涂层烘干室工作原理、潜在危险、事故预防等方面进行了解析.     

腈纶装置烘燥机自燃的原因及预防措施

分析了上海石化腈纶事业部金阳装置二步法纺丝后处理使用的第二烘燥机在高温高热状态下运行,设备内部经常发生自燃现象的原因和预防措施。     

微波协同活性炭处理甲基橙废水的研究

以粉末活性炭为催化剂,建立了微波协同氧化工艺,对模拟甲基橙废水进行处理。微波协同氧化、活性炭吸附和单纯微波辐射3种不同工艺的对比实验表明,微波诱导氧化工艺具有明显的优越性．考察了甲基橙浓度、微波功率、辐射时间、活性炭用量对甲基橙去除率的影响。在甲基橙质量浓度为305mg／L、微波功率580W、辐射时间10min、活性炭用量1．2g/L的条件下,甲基橙色度去除率为99．63％,COD的去除率为95．8％。