加工高含硫中东原油的环保对策

以日本国ＣＯＳＭＯ公司坂出炼油厂加工高含硫中东原油带来的环境问题和采取的对策为例，分析炼制高含硫原油时应注意采取的环境管理和环保治理对策     

中小型燃煤锅炉湿法除尘废水水质净化技术研究

介绍了利用稀土陶瓷和燃煤炉渣净化锅炉湿法除尘废水的技术研究．并列举实例介绍了该技术在工程中的应用．     

南水北调中线水源区浮游植物与水质研究

2003~2005年对南水北调中线水源区水体浮游植物的调查结果表明,该水域共有浮游植物96种及变种,隶属于8门63属,其中种类最多的藻类植物依次是硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻.藻类的细胞密度表现出夏季最高、冬季最低的明显季节变化.运用Margalef和Menkinick多样性指数对该水域的水质进行评价,结果显示,水体为寡污型,基本处于中营养状态.图3表3参14     

中小企业财务管理存在的问题与战略对策

中小企业是国民经济中一支重要的经济力量，在我国发展社会主义市场经济中发挥着重要的作用．财务问题是所有企业成败的关键，对中小企业尤其如此．本文从简述我国现阶段中小企业财务管理现状人手，揭示当前中小企业财务管理存在的问题．结合实际，分析其发生、存在的原因，并为解决这些问题，提出了相应的战略对策．     

青藏高原中晚全新世人类活动的孢粉记录

利用孢粉记录追踪过去人类活动历史及其环境效应的研究较少。本文选取青藏高原28处地层化石孢粉序列,采用直接提取和集成方法获得568条具有年代的伴人孢粉（禾本科、石竹科、杨属、十字花科、委陵菜属、车前属、紫菀属、藜科、狼毒属）数据,经标准化处理后建立高原4个分区的人类活动指数。同时结合本区已有研究资料,探讨了中晚全新世以来的人类活动历史。研究表明：（1）Ⅰ区东北区,6.0~5.3 ka B.P.早期人类已开始活动,但低水平的生产方式对植被影响较弱;5.3~4.5 ka B.P.人类活动得到扩展,环境效应开始显现;4.5~3.5 ka B.P.人类活动强度明显增强,加剧了对植被的破坏;3.5~2.0 ka B.P.随着人类活动的进一步加强,导致过度放牧、森林面积减少及风沙活动增强。（2）Ⅱ区东南区,5.0 ka B.P.左右人类活动的环境效应开始显现;4.5~3.5 ka B.P.植被受人为干扰显著;3.5~2.0 ka B.P.人类活动扩张至高海拔地区,对植被影响范围随之扩大;（3）Ⅲ区西南区,5.7~4.5 ka B.P.农业生产活动开始且得到发展,环境效应逐渐凸出;4.5~2.0 ka B.P.人类活动进一步增强,对植被影响亦进一步加剧;（4）Ⅳ区西北无人区,受资料所限并未充分讨论,但已有研究表明,全新世早中期本区已有人类进行狩猎采集活动。     

Resilience of stocking capacity to changing climate in arid to Mediterranean landscapes

Small livestock is an important resource for rural human populations in dry climates. How strongly will climate change affect the capacity of the rangeland? We used hierarchical modelling to scale quantitatively the growth of shrubs and annual plants, the main food of sheep and goats, to the landscape extent in the eastern Mediterranean region. Without grazing, productivity increased in a sigmoid way with mean annual precipitation. Grazing reduced productivity more strongly the drier the landscape. At a point just under the stocking capacity of the vegetation, productivity declined precipitously with more intense grazing due to a lack of seed production of annuals. We repeated simulations with precipitation patterns projected by two contrasting IPCC scenarios. Compared to results based on historic patterns, productivity and stocking capacity did not differ in most cases. Thus, grazing intensity remains the stronger impact on landscape productivity in this dry region even in the future.     

利用冬春气候条件发展长江中游大麦生产

大麦是世界四大谷类作物之一,以适应性强、抗塑性强、抗逆性好、用途广而在世界各大洲广为种植。二次世界大战后,随着经济发展,大麦产量由６０年代的９９７０．０万ｔ增加到１９９４年的１５８７２．８万Ｔ,长江 中游历来是我国大麦的主要种植之一,随着我国经济的发展,大麦生产经况愈下,成为我国进口量最大的农产品之一,其种植面积由１９６１年７７．９２７万ｈｍ＾２降为１９９５年的８．３４８万ｈｍ＾２,与世界经济越发     

长江中下游地区旱涝气候年景和评定方法的研究

采用经过修改的Z值指标,利用1961～1995年5～9月的总降水量,建立了长江中下游地区7省市逐年的旱涝等级序列;同时通过计算干旱指数、洪涝指数和旱涝综合指数,对长江中下游地区的旱涝和旱涝气候年景进行了评定,初步实现了气候年景评定从定性向定量的转变,并得到一致的可比的历史序列。     

Determinants of the Willingness-to-Participate in an Environmental Intervention in a Beirut Neighborhood

Participatory environmental management can empower communities and enhance the sustainability of environmental interventions. However, existing power structures and inequalities along class, gender, or ethnic lines could prevent part of the community from accessing the full benefits of the intervention. An analysis of determinants of the willingness-to-participate in an environmental intervention in a Beirut neighborhood is conducted. Socioeconomic, health-risk distribution, and perception of community efficacy are used as predictors. A randomly selected sample of residents was surveyed. Respondents were asked to specify the frequency with which they were willing to be involved in an intervention to address priority environmental problems in the neighborhood. Bivariate and multivariate ordinal regression analyses were conducted. Tests of significance were based on the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the odds ratio (OR). Males versus females (OR = 4.89, P < 0.001), respiratory patients versus nonsufferers (OR = 5.65, P < 0.001), tenants versus house owners (OR = 2.98, P < 0.01), and the less educated versus the more educated (OR = 2.42, P < 0.05) were significantly more likely to be willing to participate. The reluctance of female community members to participate might be a major hindrance to community-based environmental protection and special strategies must be devised to overcome it. On the other hand, respondents suffering from an illness perceived to be related to environmental toxins are likely to be strong participants in environmental conservation efforts. Finally, the study yielded no evidence that belief or lack of it in the efficacy of community action is a good predictor of the willingness-to-participate in such action.     

南水北调中线工程水源区蒸散发计算方法比较及影响因素分析

以南水北调中线工程水源区为研究区域,采用1961~2007年9个气象站点气象观测数据和黄家港水文站实测径流资料,以FAO彭曼蒙特斯公式和水文模拟法为标准分别对多种潜在蒸散发计算方法和实际蒸散发计算方法进行比较研究,并分析了陆面蒸散发的影响因素。研究表明：南水北调中线工程水源区存在“蒸发悖论”现象,Priestley Taylor公式计算结果偏大,但与FAO 彭曼蒙特斯公式存在良好的相关关系,在气象资料较少时可以考虑建立相关方程进行推求。傅抱璞公式与水文模拟法计算结果较为接近,相关关系最优。潜在蒸散发与平均温度、气温日较差、实际水汽压、降雨量、风速、净太阳辐射、日照时数呈正相关,而实际蒸散发与平均温度、气温日较差、实际水汽压、降雨量、净太阳辐射、日照时数呈正相关,与风速呈负相关。净太阳辐射是影响陆面蒸散发的核心因素