库车坳陷侏罗系烃源岩热演化研究

根据烃源岩样品Ro、EasyRo值、天然气成熟度分析 ,库车坳陷侏罗系烃源岩热演化程度较高 ,总体上已达成熟 -高成熟阶段。拜城凹陷烃源岩成熟度高 ,该凹陷及其周围是寻找大中型气田的有利地区。拜城凹陷和阳霞凹陷侏罗系烃源岩分别约在老第三纪和晚白垩世开始进入成熟阶段 ,分别在中新世末和渐新世末进入生气高峰 ,气源岩的热演化具有先慢后快的特点。库车坳陷天然气藏主要在喜山期形成。     

多源遥感数据支持下的县域尺度生态效率测算及稳健性检验——以长江中游城市群为例

生态效率是评价区域生态文明水平的重要依据,也是地理学与经济学开展资源环境综合研究的常用指标和变量,县域尺度生态效率测度的研究匮乏,制约了上述问题在县域层面上开展。在长江经济带生态优先和绿色发展国家战略下,以长江中游城市群为研究区域,依托多源遥感数据构建县域尺度生态效率测算指标体系,应用非合意产出超效率EBM模型测算2000-2015年县域生态效率,利用GIS空间分析工具揭示其时空分异规律和空间关联特征。并设计稳健性检验方案,对县域尺度生态效率测度路径科学性及稳健性进行检验。结果表明：（1）各年份长株潭城市群和环鄱阳湖城市群所辖县域的生态效率均优于武汉城市圈所辖县域;（2）研究期内生态效率维持高位区域包括武汉市辖区等12个县市,生态效率持续低值区域包括瑞昌市等7个县市;（3）县域生态效率H-H集聚区由衡阳市、株洲市及其周边至2015年成片消失,L-L集聚区则按照顺时针走向,逐步形成围绕武汉市的闭合环形区域;（4）基于市域生态效率排名对比的稳健性检验表明,县域生态效率测度路径和结果具有较高可信度。     

南水北调典型受水区浅层地下水水化学特征及成因

以邯郸黑龙港平原作为典型受水区,运用描述性统计、Piper图、离子比例分析、饱和指数和氯碱指数等方法,开展浅层地下水水化学变化特征及其成因分析研究.结果表明:南水北调中线工程通水后浅层地下水总体上由咸水向微咸水转化,浅层地下水水质的改善与水位恢复存在密切的相关性;6月和12月浅层地下水主要水化学类型分别是Na-SO₄-Cl型和Na-HCO₃型.蒸发岩(岩盐、石膏和芒硝)和碳酸盐岩矿物(方解石和白云石)的溶解/沉淀作用控制着浅层地下水主要离子浓度的变化.大部分区域发生了正向阳离子交换作用,而地下水位降落漏斗区或钠离子浓度相对富集区域则主要发生了反向离子交换作用.工业和生活污水排放、农业化肥使用可能在一定程度上造成部分浅层地下水的污染.研究结果对南水北调中线受水区地下水资源可持续开发利用和环境保护具有重要意义.     

Sustainable wastewater management for small communities in the Middle East and North Africa

Accelerated expansion of wastewater services to small communities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is essential in order to address serious concerns over water scarcity and pollution in addition to meeting the demand for convenience and protecting public health. Centralized and conventional wastewater systems are currently the preferred choice of planners and decision-makers in MENA. Water and funding are not available to provide these centralized conventional services to small communities. This paper presents an integrated approach to sustainable wastewater management for small communities in MENA under the severe water resources crisis. The approach calls for a paradigm shift from centralized conventional wastewater systems to decentralized wastewater systems. Management of wastewater in MENA should start at home. Wastewater generation should be reduced through a combination of domestic water conservation measures. On-site systems must be improved and monitored to control pollution and to recover water for non-potable water uses. Should the circumstances not allow the use of on-site systems, wastewater should be transported and managed through a community system applying the principles of decentralized wastewater management and using the settled sewers for wastewater transportation where appropriate. This approach will facilitate the accelerated and sustainable extension of environmentally responsible wastewater services to MENA's small communities. It offers great potential for cost reduction, accommodates the necessary domestic water conservation efforts, reduces freshwater inputs in wastewater transportation thus eliminating unnecessary demand on freshwater, reduces associated environmental risks and increases wastewater reuse opportunities.     

黄河中游多沙粗沙区侵蚀环境若干要素分析

通过黄委会对黄河中游多沙粗沙区范围的界定和有关学者对该区黄土区、风沙区和基岩区三种产沙区类型的划分，分析了影响该区土壤侵蚀的主要环境因素，如降水和风力、下垫面组成、地形和植被等因素，同时就该区内人为因素对土壤侵蚀的影响进行了分析，并提出了综合环境要素影响流域侵蚀的概念。     

Computing payment for ecosystem services in watersheds: An analysis of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion in China

An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on payment for ecosystem services outflows theory.     

Quantifying Tradeoffs Associated with Hydrologic Environmental Flow Methods

Freshwater management requires balancing and tradingoff multiple objectives, many of which may be competing. Ecological needs for freshwater are often described in terms of environmental flow recommendations (e.g., minimum flows), and there are many techniques for developing these recommendations, which range from hydrologic rules to multidisciplinary analyses supported by large teams of subject matter experts. Although hydrologic rules are well acknowledged as overly simplified, these techniques remain the state‐of‐the‐practice in many locations. This article seeks to add complexity to the application of these techniques by studying the emergent properties of hydrologic environmental flow methodologies. Two hydrologic rules are applied: minimum flow criteria and sustainability boundaries. Objectives and metrics associated with withdrawal rate and similarity to natural flow regimes are used to tradeoff economic and environmental needs, respectively, over a range of flow thresholds and value judgments. A case study of hypothetical water withdrawals on the Middle Oconee River near Athens, Georgia is applied to demonstrate these techniques. For this case study, sustainability boundaries emerge as preferable relative to both environmental and economic outcomes. Methods applied here provide a mechanism for examining the role of stakeholder values and tradeoffs in application of hydrologic rules for environmental flows.     

塔里木河中下游的生态环境问题初探

水资源的不合理开发和乱砍滥伐等人为因素导致了塔里木河流域的生态失衡,影响了南疆,甚至整个新疆的经济和社会发展。通过对塔里木河中、下游的生态环境存在问题的综述,探讨了该流域生态环境恶化的主要原因,并对它的保护和改善提出了建议。     

中线调水工程实施后汉江下游水运条件与沿江地区发展——以荆门市为例

南水北调中线一期调水方案,拟定在汉江中下游建设系列补偿工程,即兴隆枢纽、引江济汉、局部航道整治和部分闸站改建4大工程,以减少因调水可能给汉江中下游造成的不利影响。补偿工程实施后,不仅会改变汉江下游水文条件和湖北中部河网格局,而且使汉江下游水运条件也发生新的变化：一方面可一定程度地提升河道的通航能力,另一方面开辟了新航道,改变下游水运格局。汉江中下游水运条件的变化,给沿江地区经济发展必将带来新的影响。荆门是汉江中下游交接处临江最大的省辖市,针对目前面临的发展水运的机遇及汉江水运存在的问题,应采取有力措施,振兴汉江水运,构建地方经济发展的新支点     

Environmental movement in Lebanon

The paper reviews and assesses the evolution of the environmental movement in both the public and the private sector in Lebanon. It studies the public sector involvement in the environmental movement by reviewing the commitments made by the government to the local, regional and international communities. The paper presents a summary of all the decisions, decrees, and laws pertaining to environmental protection that the Lebanese government has instituted over time, as well as all the conventions and agreements that the country has ratified and/or signed. Compared to the Arab world in the Middle East and North Africa, Lebanon is relatively more active and integrated in the world community. Using the total number of established environmental organizations and the level of reported activities aimed at spreading environmental awareness and educating people as indicators of private sector involvement in the environmental movement, the paper concludes that the post war era is characterized by a significant increase in the number of established organizations. It also concludes that there is a co-movement between economic and environmental variables. Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.