丹江口水库水环境保护协调机制研究

针对丹江口库区及其上游水环境保护现状和存在问题,探索建立跨地区、多部门、多层次的丹江口水库水环境保护协调机制,逐步形成国家和地方、流域与区域、水利部门与非水利部门间的水资源保护协调机制,以及流域上、下游分工明确、统一协调的水源地及其上游水资源保护管理新格局,以推进跨地区、跨部门的水资源管理,促进南水北调水源地水资源的持续利用。     

Determinants of the Willingness-to-Participate in an Environmental Intervention in a Beirut Neighborhood

Participatory environmental management can empower communities and enhance the sustainability of environmental interventions. However, existing power structures and inequalities along class, gender, or ethnic lines could prevent part of the community from accessing the full benefits of the intervention. An analysis of determinants of the willingness-to-participate in an environmental intervention in a Beirut neighborhood is conducted. Socioeconomic, health-risk distribution, and perception of community efficacy are used as predictors. A randomly selected sample of residents was surveyed. Respondents were asked to specify the frequency with which they were willing to be involved in an intervention to address priority environmental problems in the neighborhood. Bivariate and multivariate ordinal regression analyses were conducted. Tests of significance were based on the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the odds ratio (OR). Males versus females (OR = 4.89, P < 0.001), respiratory patients versus nonsufferers (OR = 5.65, P < 0.001), tenants versus house owners (OR = 2.98, P < 0.01), and the less educated versus the more educated (OR = 2.42, P < 0.05) were significantly more likely to be willing to participate. The reluctance of female community members to participate might be a major hindrance to community-based environmental protection and special strategies must be devised to overcome it. On the other hand, respondents suffering from an illness perceived to be related to environmental toxins are likely to be strong participants in environmental conservation efforts. Finally, the study yielded no evidence that belief or lack of it in the efficacy of community action is a good predictor of the willingness-to-participate in such action.     

A numerical study of soil cover performance

In the investigation of soil cover design options for final decommissioning of reactive mine waste, it is often necessary to analyze or predict the anticipated cover performance as a function of the cost of implementation, which is governed by the type, number and thickness of the layers in the cover system. An example of such investigation is presented in this study where one-dimensional evaporation from hypothetical moisture-retaining cover systems is simulated to assess the influence of several cover properties and hydrogeologic parameters on performance. The commercially available transient flow model, SoilCover, was used to compute suction and water content profiles for different cover design scenarios. The predicted water content profile and porosity of layers were then used to estimate the oxygen diffusion coefficients of the various layers. The oxygen diffusion coefficients were used to estimate oxygen flux through the cover systems. The oxygen flux was, in turn, related to the maximum acid flux. The studied cover and hydrogeologic parameters included soil type, thickness of barriers, and water table elevation. Two types of infiltration and oxygen barrier and two types of capillary layer with different thicknesses were studied. The water table was either kept constant at the base of the waste (tailings) or dropped by 0.5, 1, 2, and 3m over 120 days. The results showed that the relationship between water table depression and the thickness of capillary layers, on one hand, and desaturation of the infiltration and oxygen barrier, on the other, is not linear. Relationships between oxygen flux and barrier thickness and between cost increase and performance improvement of the studied cover systems are presented. Finally, a method that outlines steps for site-specific and economically feasible design of multi-layer cover systems is introduced.     

水利旅游资源空间结构特征及自驾车可达性研究——以长江中游城市群国家水利风景区为例

以长江中游城市群60处国家水利风景区为研究对象,利用最邻近点指数、Voronoi多边形面积变异系数、核密度分析、图层叠加分析等空间分析手段和GIS空间分析工具,对区域水利旅游资源的空间结构特征进行分析。解释了水利风景区空间分布的影响因素。最后基于谷歌地图搜索测算了各水利风景区对于相应城市群地级市的交通可达性。结果表明:水利风景区呈随机、均匀分布态势,但有集聚分布倾向;空间集聚形态上表现为三处高密度集聚圈、三处低密度集聚圈、一处真空地带;水利风景区空间分布受资源禀赋、交通区位、政策支撑等多因素影响;水利风景区的通达度均值为212.15分钟,大部分水利风景区可达性并不理想;湖南各地级市到达所有水利风景区平均耗时优于江西和湖北。     

林火管理经济学的研究与探讨——多种防火要素投入的最佳组合

用经济学的观点分析了多种防火要素投入时的等减灾效益与等成本曲线,研究了多种防火要素之间的相互替代与边际替代率问题,提出了多种防火要素投入时最佳组合的判据。     

哀牢山北段山地的地温气候资源分析

本文根据哀牢山北段东西坡山地不同海拔8个气象站的同期地温与气温资料,讨论了该山地的地温与气温差、地温及地积温气候资源。     

我国中西部地区持续发展中的环境问题及其对策

探讨了中西部地区环境问题的严峻性,并提出了一些环境立法、资源合理利用、结构优化、环境带动等可持续发展对策。     

泸州市区域环境噪声监测优化布点

本文利用数理统计中有关数学工具进行监测布点的优化工作。把泸州市区域环境噪声普查的294个监测点位优化为67个。经验证,该优化布点方法合理、科学。     

Allelopathic potential of Cistus ladanifer chemicals in response to variations of light and temperature

Summary. Earlier studies have demonstrated the allelopathic potential of the exudate of Cistus ladanifer leaves, and have identified the compounds responsible for the effect. It is here shown that the effect of each of these compounds and their interactions on germination and seedling development varies depending on the light and temperature parameters to which they are subjected. The allelochemicals show a fairly heterogeneous response when studied separately, there being no general pattern to the behaviour. When they act conjointly, however, their activity is enhanced by high temperatures, and the greatest phytotoxicity in inhibiting both germination and seedling development is attained with high temperatures and long photoperiods. These results suggest that the environmental factors temperature and photoperiod may alter the allelopathic effect of Cistus ladanifer. Received 5 December 2001; accepted 11 March 2002.     

中昆仑山形成时代与隆升幅度——基于夷平面与磷灰石裂变径迹研究

青藏高原北缘蚕眉山地区为主夷平面残留区(属高原腹地),有关火山岩年龄揭示夷平面于13 Ma前已基本形成,并于3.7Ma前解体。在中昆仑山前山和后山分别获得(4.2±0.8)Ma和(3.9±0.6)Ma的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄。夷平面解体年代和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄指示一次明显的构造抬升,并与青藏运动A幕相对应。进一步的地貌-沉积分析表明,昆仑山北面山前盆地上新世—早更新世沉积的厚度巨大的西域组砾岩主要来源于昆仑山的剥蚀作用,证明昆仑山4 Ma左右开始即相对南面高原腹地大幅隆起。根据磷灰石裂变径迹年龄,推算昆仑山区已剥蚀掉的古夷平面(虚拟面)对应现代海拔高度约为8 200 m,而现代高原腹地夷平面残留实体海拔为5 200 m左右,据此计算出昆仑山4 Ma以来较高原腹地(蚕眉山地区)相对抬升了约3 000 m。