城市区域环境噪声监测优化布点探讨

应用数理统计中抽样理论，对瑞安市环境噪声监测点进行了优化组合，方法简单易行，兼顾了功能区特征，减少了测点数，并能达到要求的准确性。     

塔里木河中下游的生态环境问题初探

水资源的不合理开发和乱砍滥伐等人为因素导致了塔里木河流域的生态失衡,影响了南疆,甚至整个新疆的经济和社会发展。通过对塔里木河中、下游的生态环境存在问题的综述,探讨了该流域生态环境恶化的主要原因,并对它的保护和改善提出了建议。     

黄河中游多沙粗沙区侵蚀环境若干要素分析

通过黄委会对黄河中游多沙粗沙区范围的界定和有关学者对该区黄土区、风沙区和基岩区三种产沙区类型的划分，分析了影响该区土壤侵蚀的主要环境因素，如降水和风力、下垫面组成、地形和植被等因素，同时就该区内人为因素对土壤侵蚀的影响进行了分析，并提出了综合环境要素影响流域侵蚀的概念。     

水利旅游资源空间结构特征及自驾车可达性研究——以长江中游城市群国家水利风景区为例

以长江中游城市群60处国家水利风景区为研究对象,利用最邻近点指数、Voronoi多边形面积变异系数、核密度分析、图层叠加分析等空间分析手段和GIS空间分析工具,对区域水利旅游资源的空间结构特征进行分析。解释了水利风景区空间分布的影响因素。最后基于谷歌地图搜索测算了各水利风景区对于相应城市群地级市的交通可达性。结果表明:水利风景区呈随机、均匀分布态势,但有集聚分布倾向;空间集聚形态上表现为三处高密度集聚圈、三处低密度集聚圈、一处真空地带;水利风景区空间分布受资源禀赋、交通区位、政策支撑等多因素影响;水利风景区的通达度均值为212.15分钟,大部分水利风景区可达性并不理想;湖南各地级市到达所有水利风景区平均耗时优于江西和湖北。     

持续农业,气候变化与有害生物持续治理

21世纪，随着世界人口的增加，首先将面临着对粮食及其它农产品的需求量的增加。要达到粮食稳定和人类的需求量，其制约的因素很多。本文就气候变化、有害生物的持续治理、对持续农业的影响进行了探讨。     

长江中游城市群城市效率水平测度及空间分异研究

运用超效率DEA模型对2013年长江中游城市群城市效率进行测度评价。结果发现:长沙、天门、常德、黄冈、南昌、景德镇、武汉、娄底、新余、衡阳、仙桃、鄂州、潜江和九江为城市效率相对高水平区;抚州、湘潭、鹰潭、上饶、岳阳、黄石、荆州和株洲为城市效率相对较高水平区;萍乡、宜春、益阳、吉安、咸宁、孝感、襄阳、宜昌和荆门为城市效率相对低水平区。在此基础上,分析长江中游城市群城市效率的空间分异特征,发现长江中游城市群城市效率发展水平相似的地区在空间分布上呈现出一定的异质性特征,但并不显著。     

Sustainable wastewater management for small communities in the Middle East and North Africa

Accelerated expansion of wastewater services to small communities in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is essential in order to address serious concerns over water scarcity and pollution in addition to meeting the demand for convenience and protecting public health. Centralized and conventional wastewater systems are currently the preferred choice of planners and decision-makers in MENA. Water and funding are not available to provide these centralized conventional services to small communities. This paper presents an integrated approach to sustainable wastewater management for small communities in MENA under the severe water resources crisis. The approach calls for a paradigm shift from centralized conventional wastewater systems to decentralized wastewater systems. Management of wastewater in MENA should start at home. Wastewater generation should be reduced through a combination of domestic water conservation measures. On-site systems must be improved and monitored to control pollution and to recover water for non-potable water uses. Should the circumstances not allow the use of on-site systems, wastewater should be transported and managed through a community system applying the principles of decentralized wastewater management and using the settled sewers for wastewater transportation where appropriate. This approach will facilitate the accelerated and sustainable extension of environmentally responsible wastewater services to MENA's small communities. It offers great potential for cost reduction, accommodates the necessary domestic water conservation efforts, reduces freshwater inputs in wastewater transportation thus eliminating unnecessary demand on freshwater, reduces associated environmental risks and increases wastewater reuse opportunities.     

Quantifying Tradeoffs Associated with Hydrologic Environmental Flow Methods

Freshwater management requires balancing and tradingoff multiple objectives, many of which may be competing. Ecological needs for freshwater are often described in terms of environmental flow recommendations (e.g., minimum flows), and there are many techniques for developing these recommendations, which range from hydrologic rules to multidisciplinary analyses supported by large teams of subject matter experts. Although hydrologic rules are well acknowledged as overly simplified, these techniques remain the state‐of‐the‐practice in many locations. This article seeks to add complexity to the application of these techniques by studying the emergent properties of hydrologic environmental flow methodologies. Two hydrologic rules are applied: minimum flow criteria and sustainability boundaries. Objectives and metrics associated with withdrawal rate and similarity to natural flow regimes are used to tradeoff economic and environmental needs, respectively, over a range of flow thresholds and value judgments. A case study of hypothetical water withdrawals on the Middle Oconee River near Athens, Georgia is applied to demonstrate these techniques. For this case study, sustainability boundaries emerge as preferable relative to both environmental and economic outcomes. Methods applied here provide a mechanism for examining the role of stakeholder values and tradeoffs in application of hydrologic rules for environmental flows.     

华南中部造山带地层层序划分对比和南华系底界的讨论

本文论述了华南中部造山带中元古代－震旦纪地层具有可比性与分区性，并提出了具体方案；文章讨论了怀玉山地区南华系与青白口系地层发育及其变化特点，提出该区可能成为南华系界线层型剖面的理想选择地。     

Impact of climate changes on pollution levels in Denmark

The impact of climate changes on the pollution levels in Denmark is the major topic of this paper. Variations of the Danish air pollution levels that are caused by climatic changes are studied together with variations caused by other factors (emissions, inter-annual variability of meteorological conditions, etc.). The Unified Danish Eulerian Model (UNI-DEM) was run on a fine, 10 km × 10 km, grid over a space domain covering all of Europe to minimize the influence of the boundary conditions on the Danish pollution levels. This study is based on four categories of scenarios: (i) traditional scenarios, (ii) climatic scenarios, (iii) scenarios with variations of the human-made (anthropogenic) emissions and (iv) scenarios in which the biogenic emissions were varied. The total number of applied scenarios was 14, and a time-period of 16 years was used. The results show clearly that although the concentrations of the major pollutants do not depend too much on the climatic changes, some quantities, in particular quantities related to high ozone levels, might be increased significantly as a result of the warming trends in the future climate. The reason for this phenomenon is explained.