Effects of introducing energy recovery processes to the municipal solid waste management system in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Currently, most developing countries have not set up municipal solid waste management systemswith a viewof recovering energy fromwaste or reducing greenhouse gasemissions. In this article, we have studied the possible effects of introducing three energy recovery processes either as a single or combination approach, refuse derived fuel production, incineration and waste power generation, and methane gas recovery from landfill and power generation in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, as a case study. We concluded that incineration process is the most suitable as first introduction of energy recovery. To operate it efficiently, 3Rs strategies need to be promoted. And then, RDF production which is made of waste papers and plastics in high level of sortingmay be considered as the second step of energy recovery. However, safety control and marketability of RDF will be required at that moment.     

压缩型国家人口问题的经济学根源探究

由予工业化发生的时间、背豢、速度的差异。发展中国家的经济、环境、人口问题呈现出与发达国家不同的特点．从人口学角度分析，具有以下几个特征：人口红利型经济期缩短、人口红利泡沫、人口红利期与实际抚养系数大的矛盾交织等。发展中国家具有的压缩性特征使人口与资源、环境的关系出现了新特征．其中分析人口与经济的关系对建设和谐社会、实现经济社会可持续发展起着十分重要的作用。研究认为引起发展中国家人口问题的经济学根源是：①现代化的产业结构的要求与劳动力现代科学素质普遍低下不相适应；②生产性消费的盲目跟进；③对西方理论的“非本土化”借用。创造“一百英镑技术”型经济模式是解决发展中国家人口问题．保持经济社会稳定持续发展的有效方法。     

Urbanization and the Loss of Resource Lands in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed

We made use of land cover maps, and land use change associated with urbanization, to provide estimates of the loss of natural resource lands (forest, agriculture, and wetland areas) across the 168,000 km² Chesapeake Bay watershed. We conducted extensive accuracy assessments of the satellite-derived maps, most of which were produced by us using widely available multitemporal Landsat imagery. The change in urbanization was derived from impervious surface area maps (the built environment) for 1990 and 2000, from which we estimated the loss of resource lands that occurred during this decade. Within the watershed, we observed a 61% increase in developed land (from 5,177 to 8,363 km²). Most of this new development (64%) occurred on agricultural and grasslands, whereas 33% occurred on forested land. Some smaller municipalities lost as much as 17% of their forest lands and 36% of their agricultural lands to development, although in the outlying counties losses ranged from 0% to 1.4% for forests and 0% to 2.6% for agriculture. Fast-growing urban areas surrounded by forested land experienced the most loss of forest to impervious surfaces. These estimates could be used for the monitoring of the impacts of development across the Chesapeake Bay watershed, and the approach has utility for other regions nationwide. In turn, the results and the approach can help jurisdictions set goals for resource land protection and acquisition that are consistent with regional restoration goals.     

新平县生态环境区划研究

在对新平县域环境全面调查和研究的基础上。通过对新平县内各个区域的社会经济状况，自然生态状况进行分析类比，按照环境区划的原则，对县域按2级等级单位进行环境区划，将整个新平县域分为3个环境区。5个环境亚区。     

丽江县城市生活垃圾处理研究

丽江县城市生活垃圾成分中，有机物、可回收部分和需填埋部分分别占45％、33％和22％，拟采用高温堆肥加填埋方式加以处理。堆肥产生的渗滤液回喷一次发酵仓，填埋产生的渗滤液回喷填埋场表面，所收集的发酵气体则作为燃料使用。为减少垃圾处理过程中的污染影响，还需采取保证防渗层施工质量、加强处理场管理和定期监测等措施。     

通海县城污水处理厂设计与运行

通海县城市污水处理厂总设计规模为2万m3/d;近期设计规模为1万m3/d,水厂于2002年10月通过省级验收,各项指标均达到设计要求及<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)一级标准,其中氮磷去除率约在80%以上.还介绍了通海县城市污水处理厂的处理工艺、设计特点及运行管理经验.     

国际高等职业教育的比较研究

本文分析了高等职业教育产生的背景，从办学定位、办学方式、培养目标、课程开发、培养途径、师资队伍、经费保障、法律保障等方面，比较研究了发达国家或地区的高等职业教育，最后提出了发展我国高等职业教育的若干建议。     

衡阳市农民收入状况及对策分析

通过对衡阳市农民收入现状和农村经济发展特点的研究,发现多年来农村经济发展中存在的主要问题.分析影响农民收入的主要因素和农民增收缓慢的主要原因,针对存在的问题提出了加快农村经济发展和增加农民收入的对策思路.     

企业跨国经营中的东道国政治风险及其防范对策

东道国政治风险是企业在跨国经营中所面临的最大环境风险。随着我国企业跨国经营程度的不断提升,强化跨国经营的东道国政治风险防范显得越来越迫切。笔者从国家主权、政府政策的稳定性及经济民族主义3方面,考察企业跨国经营中东道国政治风险的生成基础;从政府行动角度分析东道国政治风险的诸多形式,进而对如何评估跨国经营中东道国政治风险问题做了思考并构建了进行东道国政治风险评估的内容体系;提出控制东道国政治风险的策略,即最小化东道国的敌对情绪、组织好在东道国的经营业务、实施有计划的本土化行动策略、购买政治风险保险以及制定灾难恢复计划等。     

基于城乡统筹的公共安全规划研究——以长株潭城市群为例

以长株潭城市群公共安全规划为研究对象,本着"资源节约、环境友好"两型社会建设的要求,从保护人的安全出发,以实现城乡统筹的风险控制和风险减缓设施建设。长株潭城乡公共安全,规划包括:重大危险源安全规划编制、开敞空间及综合避灾场地规划以及区域综合防灾规划3个方面,强调对城乡统筹的安全内容;该安全规划既是政治经济发展的战略要求,也是政府职能部门的管理要害,还是城乡居民基本的生存保障,具有前瞻性,以完善技术设计来降低风险,同时在管理上加强协调性和拓展性。