基于城乡统筹的公共安全规划研究——以长株潭城市群为例

以长株潭城市群公共安全规划为研究对象,本着"资源节约、环境友好"两型社会建设的要求,从保护人的安全出发,以实现城乡统筹的风险控制和风险减缓设施建设。长株潭城乡公共安全,规划包括:重大危险源安全规划编制、开敞空间及综合避灾场地规划以及区域综合防灾规划3个方面,强调对城乡统筹的安全内容;该安全规划既是政治经济发展的战略要求,也是政府职能部门的管理要害,还是城乡居民基本的生存保障,具有前瞻性,以完善技术设计来降低风险,同时在管理上加强协调性和拓展性。     

三峡库区典型农村型消落带沉积物风险评价与重金属来源解析

本研究以三峡库区核心区——忠县典型农村型消落带为对象,于2011年7月,采集大坝水位回落后消落带沉积物样品,分析重金属含量,评价沉积物潜在风险,解析三峡库区农村型消落带重金属来源,为库区流域面源污染物控制提供基础数据.结果表明,消落带沉积物中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的变化范围分别为155~160 m:5.17~14.81、0.06~0.57、8.55~20.56、62.79~93.04、15.38~60.97、425.72~782.32、21.34~48.5、23.03~43.39、57.78~130.10 mg·kg-1;170~175 m:7.05~12.57、0.17~0.33、10.71~18.89、65.22~92.89、18.89~42.91、74.06~774.41、22.47~42.49、24.17~29.23、55.67~103.18 mg·kg-1.地累积指数(I geo)表明,155~160 m消落带沉积物重金属累积顺序为Cd>Co>Mn>As>Cu>Pb>Zn,170~175m消落带累积程度大小为Co>Mn>Cd>As.沉积物污染指数(SPI)说明,155~160 m消落带沉积物潜在风险高于170~175 m沉积物,忠县城区下游155~160 m消落带沉积物风险达到峰值.统计分析结果显示,155~160 m消落带重金属Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn主要来源于自然背景,As、Ni、Cd、Co和Mn则来源于上游来水;170~175 m消落带沉积物重金属Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn主要来自自然背景,Cd、As、Co、Mn和Cu则极有可能来源于农田面源和上游.     

全国火电厂烟气连续监测系统运行状况调研及分析

通过对全国火电厂烟气连续监测系统运行状况的实地调查和函调,发现全国已有40个火电厂安装了51套烟气连续监测系统,另有近30个火电厂已购买或正准备购买.51套中全套引进的有45套,其余6套有国内单位参与配套,共涉及中外厂家22个;安装在烟囱上的有17套,占33.3%;系统能够运行或大部分仪器设备在运行的有23套,占45.1%,但运行结果基本上均未得到环保部门认可,处于无效运行状态;绝大部分烟气连续监测系统处于停运状态,甚至从未投运过.文章分析了烟气连续监测系统运行状况不佳的原因,并提出改进建议.     

区域承灾体脆弱性指标体系与精细量化模型研究

灾害损失的严重程度由致灾环境的危险性、承灾体的脆弱性,以及区域的应急能力决定的。承灾体脆弱性研究对灾害风险管理、区域防灾减灾、减灾投资,以及灾害保险等有着重要的意义。建立了针对自然灾害的区域承灾体脆弱性评估指标体系;在此基础上,引入精细化土地类型,基于GIS对承灾体脆弱性做了基于精细网格的量化模型研究;并以浙江德清县自然灾害区划为例进行了试验。     

非法废物贸易机制及相关对策研究

针对国际上某些发达国家向发展中国家越境转移废物这一倍受关注的现象,阐述了废物贸易,尤其是非法废物贸易产生的机制和发生的后果,对目前有关废物越境转移的国际公约作了介绍,并着重探讨了中国对于非法废物贸易相应国内立法及应采取的措施。      

The adoption of green energy technologies: The role of policies in Austria,Germany, and Switzerland

We contribute to the existing research about policy-induced technology adoption in several ways. First, we suggest a new survey design to measure the energy-related policy environment. Second, we simultaneously estimate the policy effects for the adoption propensity and the adoption intensity simultaneously and, third, we compare the policy effects in the three countries, Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Based on a representative sample of firms for all three countries we find that policies essentially promote the adoption of technologies and they are practically ineffective for the intensity, which poses a great challenge to future policy designs. Voluntary agreements or demand-related factors are among the most important drivers for the adoption propensity of green energy technologies. Given the current institutional framework in the surveyed countries, subsidies are more effective in Austria, taxes are more effective in Germany, and demand-related factors are relatively more effective in Switzerland.     

Feasibility of water purification technology in rural areas of developing countries

Water scarcity is threatening social and economic growth in rural areas of developing countries. There are potential markets for water purification technologies in these regions. The main focus of this article is to evaluate the social, economic and political feasibilities of providing water purification technologies to rural areas of developing countries. The findings of this research can serve as the basis for private investors interested in entering this market. Four representative regions were selected for the study. Economic, demographic, and environmental variables of each region were collected and analyzed along with domestic markets and political information. Rural areas of the developing world are populated with poor people unable to fulfill the basic needs for clean water and sanitation. These people represent an important group of potential users. Due to economic, social, and political risks in these areas, it is difficult to build a strong case for any business or organization focusing on immediate returns on capital investment. A plausible business strategy would be to approach the water purification market as a corporate responsibility and social investing in the short term. This would allow an organization to be well positioned once the economic ability of individuals, governments, and donor agencies are better aligned.     

生物高度多样性国家初探

本文论述了生物高度多样性国家的概念及这些国家对于保护世界生物多样性所具有的重要意义。重点介绍了7个生物高度多样性国家。讨论了生物高度多样性国家的确定,以及在确立保护生物多样性优先重点中的地位。     

科学谋划“十四五”国家生态环境监测网络建设

党的十八大以来,党中央、国务院高度重视环境监测工作,将生态环境监测纳入生态文明改革的大局统筹推进,取得了前所未有的显著成效。然而与建设美丽中国的新要求及国际先进水平相比, 中国的生态环境监测网络仍存在差距。笔者深入研究了当前和今后一个时期国家生态环境监测网络发展方向 ,并提出相应建议。针对空气、地表水、土壤、生态、声等要素的国家生态环境监测网络,分别提出网络布局及点位优化的原则,强调应通过理顺国家生态环境监测网运行机制、建立部门协作机制、健全生态环境监测法规标准体系、加强监测新技术研究及成果转化、强化监测装备自主研发等方式加强生态环境监测网络相关保障。     

四川省北川县暴雨泥石流的发育与汶川地震的响应特征

2008年9月24日,在汶川8.0级地震主要震区北川县境内爆发了区域性的泥石流灾害,造成了重大的灾情。为探明震区内暴雨泥石流发育与地震的响应特征,以北川县为例,在对该区域内震后暴雨泥石流特征调查的基础上,对境内72条暴雨泥石流沟的发育特征与断裂带相对位置及不同地震烈度区的对应关系进行了分析。结果表明,汶川地震后,北川县境内的暴雨泥石流数量具有典型的"上下盘效应",主要集中分布在断裂带(北川—映秀)的上盘;同时,泥石流的发育密度与地震烈度也表现出显著的"正烈度效应"关系,主要表现为泥石流发育的密度随地震烈度的增加而增大。研究结果对解释地震对泥石流发育及分布的影响具有重要的作用,可为震区泥石流的防灾减灾及风险控制提供科学依据。