Universally improving effect of mixed electron donors on the CO2 fixing efficiency of nonphotosynthetic microbial communities from marine environments

The universality of improved CO2 fixing upon the addition of mixed electron donors（MEDs）composed of Na2 S,NO2-,and S2O32-to non-photosynthetic microbial communities（NPMCs）obtained from 12 locations in four oceans of the world was validated. The CO2 fixing efficiencies of NPMCs were universally enhanced by MED compared with those obtained using H2 alone as electron donor,with average increase of about 276%. An increase in microbial inoculation concentration could increase the net amount of CO2 fixing to853.34 mg/L in the presence of MED. NO2-and S2O32-may play the roles of both electron acceptor and electron donor under aerobic conditions,which may improve the energy utilization efficiency of NPMC and enhance the CO2 fixation efficiency. The sequence determination of 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid（rDNA） from 150 bacteria of NPMC showed that more than 50% of the bacteria were symbiotic and there were many heterotrophic bacteria such as Vibrio natriegens. These results indicate that NPMC acts as a symbiotic CO2 fixing system. The interaction between autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria may be a crucial factor supporting ladder utilization and recycling of energy/carbon source.     

榆树皮提取液絮凝作用的实验研究

研究了榆树皮提取液的絮凝性能,其结果表明Fe3+可以显著地提高榆树皮提取液对硅藻土悬浊液的絮凝活性。当质量浓度10 g/L的榆树皮提取液用量为0.3 mL,质量浓度16 g/L的FeCl3溶液(溶质以FeCl3.6H2O计)加入量为0.7 mL,沉降时间为3 min,pH值为5～11时具有良好的絮凝效果,对模拟废水的絮凝率可达97.2%,低浓度河水86.4%。当榆树皮提取液用量为0.6 mL,FeCl3溶液加入量为1.4 mL时,对高浊度生活污水絮凝率可达92.7%。     

聚合铝基复合絮凝剂的电荷特性及絮凝作用

以具有不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)为原料,制备出了系列PAC-PDMDAAC,采用微电泳技术研究了其电动特性,初步试验了处理黄河水的絮凝效果.研究结果表明,PAC-PDMDAAC较PAC具有更高的正Zeta电位值与更好的除浊效果.PAC的B值和PDMDAAC质量分数(P)对PAC-PDMDAAC的Zeta电位与除浊效果均有不同程度的影响.     

复合聚硅铝三十絮凝剂的混凝性能研究

制备了一种新型的复合聚硅铝三十(PSiAl30)类絮凝剂,与常规聚合氯化铝PAC(以Al13为主)和Al30絮凝剂作对比,通过烧杯混凝实验,考察了其对腐殖酸-高岭土悬浊液的混凝效果。结果表明,复合硅的PSiAl30系列既有Al30的电中和能力,又起吸附架桥作用。PSiAl30絮凝剂对水体酸碱度影响小,可适用于低碱度水体。弱碱性范围内,硅/铝比为0.05的PSiAl30有最高的TOC去除率,最低的投药量,并能显著提高对非芳烃类的去除能力。     

活性污泥耗氧速率的测定及其影响因素试验分析

本文首先介绍了活性污泥净化能力判别指标——耗氧速率的原电池氧测定法,继而通过试验研究了一些相关的影响因素同比耗氧速率的关系,最后分析说明了比耗氧速率在监控活性污泥系统运行中所起的作用。     

高效产絮凝剂荧光假单胞菌C-2培养条件优化应用

以筛选出的一株高效产絮凝剂荧光假单胞菌C-2为菌种,采用单因素试验方法确定最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为黄豆饼粉。采用正交试验设计方法,对该菌产絮凝剂的培养条件进行优化研究,结果表明:菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件是碳源为葡萄糖(20.0g/L),氮源为黄豆饼粉(4.0g/L),培养温度为30℃,培养基初始pH值为8.0,通气量为160r/min,在此培养条件下,对高岭土悬浊液絮凝率达93.52%。最佳培养条件下产生的絮凝剂用于多种实际废水的净化,其中对色度和浊度的去除率均在80%以上,对COD的去除率为52.67%～85.22%。     

江苏省典型污水处理厂脱水污泥热值及其影响因素分析

以江苏省20家典型污水处理厂脱水污泥为对象,通过采样监测分析,探讨了目标污水处理厂脱水污泥干基热值特征,并采用偏相关、脱水污泥工业及元素分析等,研究影响污水处理厂污泥热值的因素。结果表明:江苏省脱水污泥的热值范围为5 328~15 069 kJ/kg,均值为9 883 kJ/kg,低于中国大中型城市平均水平,苏南地区脱水污泥热值显著高于苏中地区和苏北地区;偏相关分析结果显示,2011年絮凝剂种类与脱水污泥热值显著相关,2021年显著性因素为污水类型,混入工业废水和采用有机高分子絮凝剂均会对脱水污泥热值产生显著的正向影响;工业分析和元素分析结果显示,混入工业废水和采用有机高分子絮凝剂均会提高脱水污泥中有机物、挥发分及固定碳含量,与其对脱水污泥热值的影响规律一致;有机高分子絮凝剂的使用还更易使脱水污泥发生水解反应和脱碳酸反应。     

Simulation test on mixed water and sand inrush disaster induced by mining under the thin bedrock

Coal seam mining under thin bedrock will make transmission fissure zone go through to the water-rich aquifer under the covering layer, which will cause water flooding and sand gushing in the working face. The test model of the mixed water and sand inrush transfer and inrush was designed and manufactured to simulate the startup, transfer and inrush process of the mixed water and sand inrush in the overburden fracture channel. The characteristics of the mixed water and sand inrush in the fracture channels were researched. The variation characteristics of water pressure in different positions of the fracture channel were revealed through analyzing “\/” type fracture form which is wide at the top and goes narrower down to the base, of various inclination angles under the water pressure of 0.06 MPa and 0.08 MPa. The results show that the water and sand inrush took place instantly in the mined area. Based on the characteristics of water pressure variations, changes in water pressure are divided into two phases: rising phase and lowering to stable phase. Under the other same conditions, when the fissure channel angle increases, the pore water pressure and its sudden drop will increase too, and the inrushing process will get more rapidly; the bigger the water pressure is, the pore water pressure increases more rapidly and violently. From this, the transfer characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the mixed water and sand inrush were explored.     

城市溢流雨水的磁絮凝净化初步研究

采用磁絮凝方法处理城市溢流雨水,以自制的絮凝剂PSFS和磁种为原料做絮凝试验,研究了磁场、絮凝剂投加量、磁种投加量、废水pH等参数对絮凝效果的影响.实验结果表明,磁场可以改变絮凝剂的理化性质,增强絮凝剂的净水效果.通过实验确定了最佳实验条件,在场强为8000 Cs,磁种投加量为200mg/L,絮凝剂投加量为4 mL/L...