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131.
各土壤微量元素的形态分布特性有相似的规律,每个微量元素的各种形态都可以根据其对植物的有效性划分为两组.第一组形态分布百分率与植物有效性指数呈显著或极显著相关.第二组则呈显著或极显著负相关.因而第一组的形态为主要的有效养分源,第二组的形态很难为植物提供有效养分.减少相应元素转化成为第二组的形态和增加第一组各形态的储备容量是调节和控制土壤营养的重要措施. 相似文献
132.
以少量HNO_3-HF-HClO_4消解粉尘滤膜,石墨炉原子吸收法测定铅和锰,进行了最佳条件选择,采用本法测定粉尘中的铅和锰,其回收率分别为87%~98%和94%~105%,用标准加入法检验结果吻合,方法变异系数分别为铅4.1%,锰3.7%。 相似文献
133.
主要以某公司9000t/a碱锰型电解二氧化锰技改项目环境影响评价为例,结合验收监测数据,简要介绍碱锰型电解二氧化锰生产的环境影响与环保措施.该公司采用氧化锰矿和硫铁矿混合硫酸溶液浸出--电解的生产工艺生产碱锰型电解二氧化锰,生产过程中大气污染源主要有锅炉排放的烟气,化合、电解工序产生的硫酸雾;生产废水主要有锅炉除尘废水、漂洗水及炭黑生产废水;废渣主要是压滤锰渣. 相似文献
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采用乳化液膜法处理电解锰废水,考察制乳条件和提取条件对去除效果的影响。研究结果表明最佳制乳条件为:4%(V/V)span-80做表面活性剂,3%二(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯做载体,柴油做膜溶剂,用NaOH调节内水相pH为12,制乳时间为10 min,油内比2∶1;最佳提取条件:外水相pH为6~7、乳水比1∶10、提取时间10 min。制得的乳化液膜对电解锰废水中的Mn2+去除率可高达99.99%,出水Mn2+浓度低于2mg/L,实现水质达标排放。 相似文献
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The concentrations of Fe, Mn, AI, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, and As were measured in soils and leaves from 21 plant species growing on hills near the Beijing Steel Factory(BSF) and 17 plant species in the Beijing Botanical Garden(BBG). The results showed that soils from BSF were Zn contaminated according to the threshold of natural background of China. There was a metal contamination of the soils by Ni,and Cr in BSF comparing with those in BBG. The comparison between concentrations of metals in leaves from both sites indicated that, in general, accumulation of metals in the leaves of the same species was significantly different between the two sites. Even within the same locality each species accumulation of metals was significantly variable. The study aimed to screen landscape plants for the capacity to clean-up toxic metals in soils, and developed an overall metal accumulation index(MAI) for leaves and then categorized the MAI that can be applied broadly in the selection of species in polluted areas. To do this, the spectrum of MAI values were divided into four classes: strongly accumulated(SA or grade I), moderately accumulated(MA or grade II), intermediately accumulated( IA or grade III), and weakly accumulated(WA or grade IV). The results showed that elemental association between Fe, AI, Ni, and As was generally highly correlated with each other in the sampling sites. This may suggest their common biochemical characteristics. Generally, those species containing strong and moderate accumulation in both sites are considered including Vitex negundo, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ulmus pumila, and Rubia cordifolia. At BSF and other industrial sites with a similar ecosystem, strong and moderate accumulation species include Sophora japonica, Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. glabra, Platycladus orientalis, Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Grewia biloba, and in BBG, in addition Setaria viddis, Cotinus coggygria, Lespedeza flodbunda, Rhamnus parvifolia, Lespedeza tomentosa. 相似文献
139.
铜、锌和锰抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的毒性效应 总被引:41,自引:1,他引:40
运用评价化学品毒性藻类测试的标准实验方法 ,得到铜、锌和锰对蛋白核小球藻生长的安全浓度分别为31.8μg/L、65.0μg/L和 5.5mg/L ,抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的 96h EC50 分别为 67.3μg/L、473.0 μg/L和 17.0mg/L .实验结果表明无论从安全浓度还是从 96h EC50 考虑 ,都证明抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的毒性由大到小的顺序是铜 >锌 >锰 .不同金属离子与藻细胞的不同亲和性是导致金属离子抑制蛋白核小球藻生长毒性差异的主要原因 . 相似文献
140.
Shengxiang Yang Shichu Liang Langbo Yi Bibo Xu Jianbing Cao Yifeng Guo Yu Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):394-404
Screening plants that are hypertolerant to and excluders of certain heavy metals plays a fundamental role in a remediation strategy for metalliferous mine tailings. A field survey of terrestrial higher plants growing on Mn mine tailings at Huayuan, Hunan Province, China was conducted to identify candidate species for application in phytostabilization of the tailings in this region. In total, 51 species belonging to 21 families were recorded and the 12 dominant plants were investigated for their potential in phytostabilization of heavy metals. Eight plant species, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Artemisia princeps, Bidens frondosa, Bidens pilosa, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Erigeron canadensis, and Setaria plicata accumulated much lower concentrations of heavy metals in shoots and roots than the associated soils and bioconcen- tration factors (BFs) for Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn were all 〈 1, demonstrating a high tolerance to heavy metals and poor metals translocation ability. The field investigation also found that these species grew fast, accumulated biomass rapidly and developed a vegetation cover in a relatively short time. Therefore, they are good candidates for phytostabilization purposes and could be used as pioneer species in phytoremediation of Mn mine tailings in this region of South China. 相似文献