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A total of 1068 patients were examined by ultrasound to ensure normality of pregnancy and followed prospectively from booking until 28 weeks. The spontaneous miscarriage rate was 2.7 per cent occuring within the first 16 weeks. Threatened miscarriage was associated with a 38 per cent fetal loss. Miscarriage was less likely as pregnancy advanced. The reduction in subsequent miscarriage rate before 11 weeks and from 11 weeks onwards is statistically significant (p<0.001). Gravidity, maternal age and a history of previous fetal loss did not contribute significantly to the miscarriage rate. Patients with a history of fetal loss were more likely to experience a threatened miscarriage. The relevance of these findings to chorion villus sampling is discussed. 相似文献
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Regine Keymeulen Mikls Grgnyi Kroly Hberger Anda Priksane Herman Van Langenhove 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2001,35(36)
Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) in ambient air and in 1 yr old Pinus sylvestris pine needles were monitored along a busy road, petrol station and rural area of Belgium, Hungary and Latvia in a 1 yr period. To test P. sylvestris as a possible biomonitor for the BTEX concentrations, samples were taken in the four seasons. As the distribution of data was not normal, the level of pollution on different sites and seasons was compared and evaluated by non-parametric tests. The measured air concentrations did not differ significantly from one season to another throughout the year. There were, however, differences between sampling places. The C2-alkylbenzene and toluene concentrations in the needles were similar in the autumn/winter and spring/summer periods but a significant decrease in their concentration was observed in every place between winter and spring. This effect was less obvious for toluene. 相似文献
295.
在完全相同的实验条件下 ,将 GSD-9水系沉积物作为监控样品 ,对河流表层沉积物 (<63 μm粒级部分 )取不同重量进行消化并用 ICP-AES法分析测定主要元素 K、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、Mn、Ti,分析的准确度大于 94% ,分析结果相对标准偏差小于 5 % ,说明消化过程和分析结果是可信的。通过对四条不同河流黄河、赣江、汾河和辽河沉积物样品量与元素分析结果之间的关系图发现 ,在样品量小于 2 0 mg的情况下 ,总体会造成分析结果较大的波动 ,实验数据很难保证 ,而当样品量达到 2 0 mg以上 ,测定结果逐渐趋于平稳基本呈水平线 ,在 5 0~ 2 5 0 mg之间分析结果最为稳定。因此为了保证测定结果的准确性 ,河流表层沉积物的样品量至少应保证大于 2 0 mg。 相似文献
296.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from several different municipal solid wastes’ treatment plants in Mallorca (Spain) have been analysed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Ambient (immission) air was collected during February and March 2011 by active sampling onto sorbents Tenax™ TA and Carboxen™ 1000. The study presents the chemical characterisation of 93 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an overall set of 84 immission air samples. 70 VOCs were positively identified.The linear fit for all 93 external standard calibration, from 10 mg L−1 to 150 mg L−1 (n = 4), was within the range 0.974 < r2 < 0.998. Limits of detection of the method (LOD) for all the standards were within the range 1.1-4,213 pg, as the absolute standard amount spiked into sorbent tubes in 1 μL standard mixture (dissolved in methanol).Overall results stated systematic correlation between waste’s nature and VOCs’ air composition. Organic wastes show main contribution of terpenes, waste water sludge residues’ of reduced sulphured compounds (RSCs) and municipal solid wastes show contribution of a wide sort of VOCs. The use of a chemometric approach for variable’s reduction to 12 principal components enables evaluation of similarities and dissimilarities between facilities. PCA clearly related samples to its corresponding facility on the basis of their VOCs composition and the ambient temperature. 相似文献
297.
This study presents the emission factor of gaseous pollutants(CO, CO_2, and NO X) from on-road tailpipe measurement of 14 passenger cars of different types of fuel and vintage. The trolley equipped with stainless steel duct, vane probe velocity meter, flue gas analyzer, Nondispersive infra red(NDIR) CO_2 analyzer, temperature, and relative humidity(RH) sensors was connected to the vehicle using a towing system. Lower CO and higher NO X emissions were observed from new diesel cars(post 2010) compared to old cars(post 2005), which implied that new technological advancement in diesel fueled passenger cars to reduce CO emission is a successful venture,however, the use of turbo charger in diesel cars to achieve high temperature combustion might have resulted in increased NO X emissions. Based on the measured emission factors(g/kg), and fuel consumption(kg), the average and 95% confidence interval(CI) bound estimates of CO, CO_2,and NO X from four wheeler(4W) in Delhi for the year 2012 were 15.7(1.4–37.1), 6234(386–12,252),and 30.4(0.0–103) Gg/year, respectively. The contribution of diesel, gasoline and compressed natural gas(CNG) to total CO, CO_2 and NO X emissions were 7:84:9, 50:48:2 and 58:41:1respectively. The present work indicated that the age and the maintenance of vehicle both are important factors in emission assessment therefore, more systematic repetitive measurements covering wide range of vehicles of different age groups, engine capacity, and maintenance level is needed for refining the emission factors with CI. 相似文献
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为研究生物质燃烧源颗粒物与气态污染物的排放特征,设计了可用于生物质燃烧排放实验室模拟研究的烟尘罩稀释采样系统.该系统可模拟生物质燃烧释放的高温高浓烟气排放到大气中的冷却、稀释、生长等理化过程,捕集燃烧排放的细颗粒物和多种痕量气态污染物.通过更换不同内径采样嘴等方法,系统稀释倍数可在10~70倍之间调节.详细介绍了系统的设计原理及结构,并对系统可靠性进行了检验.整个采样系统通过了气密性测试,分级采样系统平行性良好,细颗粒物损失在可接受范围,对燃烧状态扰动低,燃烧状态可实时评估.应用该系统测定了我国南方地区典型生物质燃烧源含碳污染物种的排放特征,结果表明其适于模拟各种类型的生物质燃烧. 相似文献
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厦门市秋冬季节大气汞污染调查 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
文章采用两次金汞齐一冷原子荧光光谱法对厦门地区秋冬季节大气汞的污染状况作了初步调查分析,结果表明厦门地区大气中汞的浓度平均为11.037ng/m^3,其含量高于北半球大气气态总汞含量的背景值(1.5-2.0ng/m^3),表明该地区已受到一定程度的大气汞污染;在一定的采样区域,大气汞浓度与温度、太阳辐射量、大气压、空气湿度成正相关,与风速成负相关;气态汞的含量在80%左右,这与该地区的人为活动多有关,与其他地区报道的类似区域情况的汞污染状况相符;工业区,学校实验室周边区域,生产过程中以汞为原料的工厂等附近区域,大气中汞的含量较高,开阔区域的海边含量较低,交通繁忙区域最低(所选采样点与交通要道有一定的距离),这种浓度分布说明了大气中汞的存在具有区域性特征。 相似文献