改性材料在石油污染水体中的应用

研究了溶液中硬脂酸改性磁铁矿的改性条件,确定了改性时间、温度、改性剂用量等。对改性磁铁矿进行了活化指数、吸油量、透水时间等的测定,并通过红外图谱及扫描电镜图谱的分析,探讨了改性及吸附机理。     

改性栗壳吸附重金属离子的动力学及热力学研究

对改性板栗壳吸附Cr(VI)、Cu(II)及Ni(II)3种重金属离子过程的动力学和热力学进行研究。结果表明:改性板栗壳吸附Cr(VI)、Cu(II)和Ni(II)3种混合离子时存在拮抗的竞争关系,竞争吸附顺序为Cu(II)﹤Ni(II)﹤Cr(VI);与单独吸附过程相比,混合吸附平衡时,改性板栗壳对3种离子相应的去除率均有所降低,Cr(VI)去除率比单独吸附时降低20.2%,Cu(II)和Ni(II)分别降低40.7%和35.6%;拟二级动力学方程能很好地描述Cr(VI)、Cu(II)和Ni(II)在改性板栗壳上的单独和混合吸附过程,结果表明此3种重金属离子在改性板栗壳表面以化学吸附为主;热力学研究数据表明:改性板栗壳对Cr(VI)的吸附为吸热反应,对Cu(II)和Ni(II)的吸附为放热反应。     

Experimental study of the influence of particle size on Minimum Explosible Concentration of sulfur dust

Despite the extensive use of sulfur in the industry, very little information is available in the literature on its key dust explosion properties. The work presented in this paper contributes to filling the current knowledge gaps on sulfur dust explosion properties and focuses on the experimental determination of the MEC of sulfur dust using a Modified Hartmann Tube and a 20 L dust explosion sphere. First, the MEC of sulfur dust samples collected at a sulfur production facility from areas prone to the generation of fine sulfur dust was measured. The results showed that these sulfur dust samples are fine enough to cause dust explosions with 55 ± 5< MEC <105 ± 5 g/m³. Second, the influence of the particle size of sulfur dust was investigated with both equipment. The use of the Modified Hartmann Tube for MEC determination showed that the MEC increases with increasing particle size in the particle size range of 0–2000 μm. Unlike the Modified Hartmann Tube, MEC experiments done in the 20 L Sphere did not allow the quantification of the influence of the particle size on the MEC. These results were explained by the phenomenon of particle breakage induced by the 20 L Sphere's dispersion mechanism. Additional experiments with the 20 L sphere confirmed the particle breakage of sulfur dust particles and showed that it is inversely proportional to dust concentration and proportional to the dust's original particle size distribution.     

Biomass chemical looping gasification for syngas production using modified hematite as oxygen carriers

Syngas is a clean energy carrier and a major industrial feedstock. In this paper, syngas was produced via biomass chemical looping gasification(CLG) process. Hematite, the most common Fe-based oxygen carrier(OC), was modified with different metal oxides(CeO₂, CaO and MgO) by the impregnation method. The hematite modified by CeO₂, CaO and MgO was namely as CeO₂-hematite(CeO₂-H), CaO-hematite(CaO-H) and MgO-hematite(MgO-H), respectively. The introduction...     

天然高分子改性水处理剂在处理油田污水中的应用

研究了天然高分子改性多功能水处理剂FIQ-C对膜拟油田污水的处理效果。结果表明，药剂FIQ-C在油田污水中具有良好的絮凝、缓蚀和杀菌性能，当药剂投加量为5mg/L时，污水剩余浊度可降至2.5度以下，缓蚀率达58%，杀菌率高达99%，且各功能的用药量相容，1次投药即可实现3种功效。     

改性膨润土对晴纶混纺织物染色废水脱色处理的研究

文章介绍了晴纶纸纺织物在染色时所产生的染色废水的特征,针对该废水在处理时具有脱色难的难题,寻找具有针对性的凝聚剂,最后选用改性膨润土作凝剂.试验结果表明:用CaO调pH值为7、凝聚剂投加质量分数为8%的条件下,废水脱色率可达100%,同时,由于提高了废水的可生化性,为后续深加工处理提供了有利条件.     

改性稻草吸附铜离子的热力学研究

研究表明稻草改性后吸附铜离子的能力得到很大提高。在4种温度下（15、27、37、50℃）,改性稻草吸附铜离子的最大吸附量分别为1．10、1．24、1．34、1．50mmol／g。不同温度下,吸附自由能△G大大小于零,吸附过程具有强烈的自发趋势。吸附焙△H和吸附熵△S都大于零,吸附过程是熵增加推动的。     

Se（IV）在改性水滑石和膨润土的吸附行为

79Se是高放废物地质处置安全评价中的重点关注的核素之一,如何有效地阻滞其在处置库环境中的迁移扩散是目前研究的热点。将金属盐溶液和有机溶剂与水滑石和膨润土混合制备,分别得到2种无机改性水滑石和9种不同的有机和无机改性膨润土,通过批次实验研究这些改性材料对Se(IV)的吸附性能。结果表明无机改性的水滑石和膨润土对Se(IV)均有较好的吸附,吸附率超过57%。而有机改性的膨润土吸附效果很差,吸附率低于10%。采用SEM和XRD对这些改性材料进行表征,结果表明：无机改性后的膨润土的比表面积和层间距均增大,有利于对Se(IV)的吸附。     

Use of coupling agents to stabilize asphalt–rubber–gravel composite to improve its mechanical properties

The mechanical performance of rubber-modified asphalt roads depends, besides the intrinsic properties of the constituents (asphalt, rubber and gravel), on their interfaces. To improve the adhesion between constituents, two different coupling agents were required: one to link asphalt with the rubber particles to stabilize the composite creating an elastic network in the interior of the material to improve its elastic recovery, and other to increase the adhesion between the hydrophobic asphalt and the hydrophilic gravel. A phenolic resin was used to link the rubber particles with the asphalt, while a switterionic molecule (phosphatidyl-choline) was used to change the OH groups on the gravel surface by hydrocarbon chains to make it compatible with the asphalt.     

有机改性膨润土对海水中石油的吸附效果及其影响因素研究

研究了有机改性膨润土对海水中柴油的吸附作用及其影响因素。结果表明,有机改性膨润土可以较好地吸附海水中的油,在温度为25℃、盐度33‰、振荡频率150r/min、pH为8的环境下,除油率可以达97%以上。该过程的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程。