斜坡失稳的动力学分析

本文从岩土破坏的本构律出发建议了斜坡失稳的滑动—弱化模式,然后对平面倾斜面、幂函数型滑动面、园弧型滑动面等简单的情形进行了斜坡失稳的动力学分析,得到了滑坡速度分布的表示式:讨论了坡底速度、滑坡止滑位置等问题。     

污水紫外吸光度与COD的关系

利用紫外分光光度法直接测定污水中ＣＯＤ等诸因子，揭示自变量和应变量间的数理关系，简化ＣＯＤ等因子的监测。     

A RAWLSIAN EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA1

ABSTRACT: This paper critically evaluates the nature of irrigation distribution in India using the Rawlsian criterion of equity in dis. tribution and estimates the performance of different states in India according to the Rawlsian notion of fairness in distribution. It is found that there is considerable inequality across farm-size groups in the distribution of irrigated areas in general and canal irrigated areas in particular, and that there are wide interstate differences in the levels of this inequality. Further, it is found that switching over to a Rawlsian based distribution of canal irrigation will help in reducing the levels of inequality in overall irrigation distribution in all states.     

阳离子型微乳液一亚硫酸钠光度法测定α-TNT

以阳离子型微乳液ＣＰＣ／正戊醇／正已烷／水为介质，进行了α－ＴＮＴ－Ｎａ２ＳＯ３分光光度法的研究（ε＝３．０６５×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１）与以ＣＰＣ为介质（ε＝２．６４４×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１）比较，测定灵敏度明显提高，α－ＴＮＴ在０．０５～２０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内符合比耳定律．相对标准偏差０．１９７％．该法成功地应用于污染土壤中及合成水样中α－ＴＮＴ的测定．     

Alpha-fetoprotein in fetal serum,amniotic fluid,and maternal serum

In order to gain more insight into the association between alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and fetal chromosomal disorders, especially Down's syndrome, we measured AFP in fetal serum, amniotic fluid, and maternal serum at cordocentesis. We compared the concentration and gradient of AFP in these three compartments. Our data confirm earlier findings on second-trimester fetal serum AFP concentration. The results indicate that low maternal serum AFP in pregnancies with fetal chromosomal disorders could result from an impaired fetal kidney function as well as from impaired membrane or placental passage of AFP, rather than from reduced fetal AFP production.     

Repeat maternal serum testing in multiple marker down's syndrome screening programmes

The effect of repeat testing in maternal serum multiple marker screening for Down's syndrome was estimated using samples stored in an antenatal serum bank. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and unconjugated oestriol (uE₃) levels were determined in 142 pairs of routinely collected samples which had already been tested for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). For each marker, about two-thirds of the pairs of values were within 20 per cent of each other and most were within 40 per cent. A multivariate Gaussian model was used to estimate the detection and false-positive rates for different repeat testing policies. A policy of repeat testing those with a high risk of a Down's syndrome term pregnancy given age and marker levels would reduce the false-positive rate but there would also be a reduction in the detection rate. For example, using all three markers and a 1 in 250 cut-off risk, the estimated false-positive rate would fall from 5·3 to 3·8 per cent but the detection rate would decrease from 58 to 55 per cent. A policy of repeating those with either high or borderline risks would produce a modest improvement in screening efficiency. Repeating the 11 per cent with a risk exceeding 1 in 500 yields an estimated false-positive rate of 5·0 per cent and a detection rate of 60 per cent. A policy of selective repeat testing is not recommended as it would not substantially improve screening efficiency. Nonetheless, if a repeat test has been performed, the parameters given in this paper will enable an unbiased estimate of the Down's syndrome risk to be calculated for individual women.     

对我国海洋环境监测工作的若干建议

本文在回顾和总结我国海洋环境监测多年成就的基础上，分析了海洋环境质量发展的趋势，指出随着沿海经济及海洋资源开发活动的深入发展，近岸海洋环境将面临的前所未有的压力。为此，未来我国海洋环境监测的重点是近岸水域，尤其是各类入海污染源及其邻近海域，监工作必须由近海向近岸及重点海域转移。     

The impact of prenatal diagnosis on the occurrence of chromosome abnormalities

From the public health point of view, several formal attempts have been made to measure the impact of prenatal diagnosis (PND) on the incidence of Down's Syndrome (DS), but the results have varied widely. The impact of PND (reduction in the birth rate of chromosomally abnormal neonates) is related to utilization rates but quantitative estimates of this have not been established. In a three-year (1981–1983) total population study from Queensland, Australia, we present results to measure the impact of a voluntary PND programme on the birth incidence of DS, and also other chromosomally abnormal births. Utilization rates for the PND service were 15·5 per cent in that population of mothers 35 years and over. Numbers and rates of all cases of chromosomal abnormalities are presented, subclassified by type of diagnosis–-either by PND or by clinical diagnosis after birth. For the total population, 7·3 per cent of cases of DS were detected prenatally, and 15·4 per cent of all chromosome abnormalities. (A method for measuring the impact of PND is described.) Using this in conjunction with our demographic data, we estimate that with a 15 per cent utilization rate of PND by older mothers, 14 per cent of DS births can be prevented in this age group, or a 5 per cent overall reduction can be achieved if mothers of all ages are considered. One index–-the ratio of the percentage of DS births which are preventable compared with the population utilization rates of PND–-has potential for widespread use. Queensland data for this ratio is 0·34, a figure consistent with that from other studies. Thus a 3·5 per cent drop in the overall DS birth rate may be expected for each 10 per cent increase in the utilization rates of PND for mothers of 35 years and over. A diagram is presented which may serve as a model for improved data collection and better impact estimates in the future.     

用醌式染料的合成反应光度法测定水中亚硝酸根

研究了以Ｎ，Ｎ－二甲基苯胺为偶联试剂，利用醌式染料的合成反应测定ＮＯ２＾－的新方法，ＮＯ２＾－在０￣１８．０μｇ／２５．０ｍＬ范围内服从比尔定律，方法具有较高的灵敏度和选择性。试剂及醌式染料具有更高的稳定性，且无试剂空白的影响，用于环境水中ＮＯ２＾－的测定，其结果与其他方法的测定结果一致。     

渝黔高速公路某路堑边坡破坏机理分析与处治

通过对渝黔高速公路K54+500-K54+660路堑边坡工程地质环境、变形破坏机理分析,提出了边坡变形破坏的关键因素,在此基础上提出了边坡的合理整治措施,以期为类似工程的加固处治提供一定的借鉴作用。