基于GIS技术的城市大气环境质量评价——以淮南市为例

以淮南市为例 ,探讨了基于地理信息系统GIS技术进行城市大气环境质量评价的分析方法。利用GIS的空间数据管理、分析和图形显示、输出功能 ,对大气环境进行多因素复合分析 ,建立了基于“变权”思想的大气环境质量综合评价的污染指数模型和大气环境质量等级标准 ,并以图表的形式输出了评价结果。结果表明利用GIS技术进行城市大气环境研究具有传统方法无法比拟的优势 ,具有广阔的应用前景 ;所建立的大气环境评价模型和等级划分标准简单、客观、合理 ,具有实际应用意义。     

SBR生物反应器出水溶解态有机物性质特点研究

研究中考察了SBR生物反应器处理实际生活污水过程中,反应器内部溶解性有机物的变化情况,重点分析了污泥龄对于SBR反应器出水溶解态有机物性质特点的影响.研究结果表明,生物降解过程中,以分子量650Da、1700Da和2000Da为代表的腐殖质类有机物逐渐积累,小分子量有机物(<200Da)逐渐转化为具有中间分子量(500...     

基于指标模糊权和协调性下的地下水水质评价模型构建及应用

在地下水质量标准中,各指标权重的选择与权重的内涵存在着不确定性;同一指标的分级界点值差异显著,近似地呈现几何级数变化。基于以上这两种情况,构建基于指标模糊权和协调性下的地下水水质评价模型。应用层次分析法和专家调查9标度法确定指标的相对权重,结合贝塔系数计算出指标的模糊权重。对评价标准及待评价地下水水质监测值进行对数变换,采用距离测度法来构造隶属函数,并对其进行求余,按最大隶属原则来评判地下水质量等级。应用此模型对徐州市的重要水源地——张集地下水水质进行评价。结果表明:研究区的20个采样点水质为Ⅱ、Ⅲ级的占90%,符合饮用水的要求。与投影寻踪法的评价结果基本一致。     

有机物降解产气率模型研究

根据重庆市生活垃圾的组成特点,自配垃圾试样进行有机物降解实验,根据实验期间试样的质量变化,结合降解反应方程式,计算试样的产气量,并建立产气率模型.实验结果表明,试样质量随时间逐渐降低,呈指数型衰减规律.试样在实验初期产气率增加较快,达到产气高峰后逐渐降低.用建立的产气率模型进行计算,计算结果与实测数据比较接近,说明该产...     

水环境中致病菌分子生物学检测技术研究进展

总结了水环境中主要致病菌及其导致的疾病;介绍了检测水环境样品中致病菌的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）、实时定量PCR、等温扩增技术、生物传感器和高通量测序等分子生物学技术研究进展;分析了不同检测技术的优缺点和应用特点;提出了水环境中致病菌分子生物学检测技术的未来发展方向,为水环境中致病菌分析检测和风险控制提供研究思路和技术支撑。     

Effect of sulfate on the methanogenic activity of a bacterial culture from a brewery wastewater during glucose degradation

The maximum specific methanogenic activity （SMA） of a sludge originating from a brewery wastewater treatment plant on the degradation of glucose was investigated at various levels of sulfate on a specific loading basis. Batch experiments were conducted in serum bottles at pH 7 and 35℃. A comparison of the values indicates that the SMA of this mixed culture was increased and reached its highest level of 0.128 g CH4 gas COD/（g VSS.d） when biomass was in contact with sulfate at a ratio of 1：0.114 by weight.     

Influences and mechanisms of nanofullerene on the horizontal transfer of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes between E. coli strains

• Sub-inhibitory levels of nC₆₀ promote conjugative transfer of ARGs. • nC₆₀ can induce ROS generation, oxidative stress and SOS response. • nC₆₀ can increase cell membrane permeability and alter gene expression. • Results provide evidence of nC₆₀ promoting antibiotic resistance dissemination. The spread and development of antibiotic resistance globally have led to severe public health problems. It has been shown that some non-antibiotic substances can also promote the diffusion and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Nanofullerene (nC₆₀) is a type of nanomaterial widely used around the world, and some studies have discovered both the biological toxicity and environmental toxicity of nC₆₀. In this study, cellular and molecular biology techniques were employed to investigate the influences of nC₆₀ at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on the conjugation of ARGs between the E. coli strains. Compared with the control group, nC₆₀ significantly increased the conjugation rates of ARGs by 1.32‒10.82 folds within the concentration range of 7.03‒1800 mg/L. This study further explored the mechanism of this phenomenon, finding that sub-MICs of nC₆₀ could induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), trigger SOS-response and oxidative stress, affect the expression of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) genes, increase membrane permeability, and thus promote the occurrence of conjugation. This research enriches our understanding of the environmental toxicity of nC₆₀, raises our risk awareness toward nC₆₀, and may promote the more rational employment of nC₆₀ materials.     

Kinetic mechanism and effects of molecular structure on thermal hazards of azo compounds

In this paper, the kinetic mechanism of AIBN, AMBN, and ABVN was proposed, and the effect of molecular structure on their thermal hazards based on the kinetic mechanism was investigated. Calculated by non-isothermal DSC datum, the kinetic mechanism of AIBN, AMBN, and ABVN is revealed by the linear relationship between the integrated form of mechanical function and reaction time. The results indicate that the thermal decomposition process is controlled by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. Based on the determination of kinetic mechanism function, the reaction rate constants at various heating rates are directly calculated, and the intercept of the best fitting straight line of reaction rate constants with heating rate is approximately equal to the reaction rate constant under isothermal conditions. Besides, theoretical values obtained by multiplying kinetic mechanism function by reaction rate are well consistent with the experimental values, suggesting that the kinetic mechanism obtained is credible. Bond Dissociation Energies (BDE) calculated by quantum chemical equations are employed to evaluate the thermodynamics stability of AIBN, AMBN, and ABVN. Depending on similar molecular structures, the influence of differentiated group structure on the thermodynamic stability represented by BDE and heat release and the kinetic stability characterized by reaction rate constant were revealed. Finally, the results demonstrate that the thermal hazard increases as the volume of substituent group and molecular weight.     

基于“熵权+TOPSIS”法的石油库安全管理绩效评价研究

结合石油库的特点,建立了以人员因素、设备设施管理、储存介质状态、环境因素及管理因素等5项一级指标、20项二级指标的安全管理绩效评价体系;为克服安全管理绩效评价的主观随意性,采用“熵权+TOPSIS”法构建了评价模型,以10家石油库企业所采集的信息为算例,对石油库安全管理绩效评价进行了实例研究,结果表明“熵权+TOPSIS”法评价模型有效改善了评价结果的客观性和可靠度,可帮助石油库企业及时发现安全管理短板,明确改进方向,提升安全管理绩效水平。     

用超滤法处理洗毛污水

本文就聚砜中空纤维超滤法处理洗毛污水进行了研究，首先考查了不同截留分子量的超滤膜对超滤性能的影响，发现截留分子量为３万的膜超滤性能较佳；然后考查了压力、温度、浓度及流速等操作参数对超滤性能的影响；污水经过超滤后，脂、总固体及ＣＯＤ去除率分别在９８％、８０％和９５％以上．