基于熵权TOPSIS模型的土地利用多功能性诊断

从经济、社会和生态3个方面出发构建土地利用多功能性评价指标体系,应用熵权TOPSIS模型对江苏省近年来土地利用多功能性进行诊断分析可以优化区域土地的合理开发,提高土地利用效率,为促进区域的可持续发展提供有效依据。研究结果表明：2006~2016年江苏省土地利用综合功能经历了一般—良好的发展阶段,综合功能在不断优化;经济功能经历了较差—一般—良好—优秀—良好的发展阶段,虽然有所波动,但其依旧呈增长态势;社会功能经历了较差—一般—良好—优秀的发展阶段,呈现出持续稳步提高趋势;生态功能经历了一般—良好—一般的发展趋势,整体呈下降趋势。另外土地利用的经济功能和社会功能子目标的障碍度在逐年下降,对目前江苏省土地利用有效性起制约作用的主要是生态功能,应减少废水排放和工业固体废弃物等污染造成的生态破坏,加强水资源的保护,同时缩小城乡差距,推进城乡融合,促进土地利用过程中经济、社会和生态功能的协调发展。     

Using multivariate regression modeling for sampling and predicting chemical characteristics of mixed waste in old landfills

Municipal solid waste landfills pose a threat on environment and human health, especially old landfills which lack facilities for collection and treatment of landfill gas and leachate. Consequently, missing information about emission flows prevent site-specific environmental risk assessments. To overcome this gap, the combination of waste sampling and analysis with statistical modeling is one option for estimating present and future emission potentials. Optimizing the tradeoff between investigation costs and reliable results requires knowledge about both: the number of samples to be taken and variables to be analyzed.This article aims to identify the optimized number of waste samples and variables in order to predict a larger set of variables. Therefore, we introduce a multivariate linear regression model and tested the applicability by usage of two case studies. Landfill A was used to set up and calibrate the model based on 50 waste samples and twelve variables. The calibrated model was applied to Landfill B including 36 waste samples and twelve variables with four predictor variables.The case study results are twofold: first, the reliable and accurate prediction of the twelve variables can be achieved with the knowledge of four predictor variables (Loi, EC, pH and Cl). For the second Landfill B, only ten full measurements would be needed for a reliable prediction of most response variables. The four predictor variables would exhibit comparably low analytical costs in comparison to the full set of measurements. This cost reduction could be used to increase the number of samples yielding an improved understanding of the spatial waste heterogeneity in landfills.Concluding, the future application of the developed model potentially improves the reliability of predicted emission potentials. The model could become a standard screening tool for old landfills if its applicability and reliability would be tested in additional case studies.     

基于层次分析法的未确知测度理论泥石流危险性评价

将未确知测度理论与层次分析方法相结合用于评价泥石流危险性。根据泥石流危险性的影响因素和等级划分标准,选取泥石流规模、泥石流发生频率、流域面积、主沟长度、最大相对高差、流域切割密度、主沟床弯曲系数、泥砂补给长度比、24小时最大降雨量、人口密度等10个指标作为泥石流危险评价因子,利用未确知测度理论建立泥石流危险性评价指标的未确知测度函数,通过层次分析方法确定各评价指标的权重,依据置信度识别准则对泥石流危险性进行评价,并结合实例进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,基于层次分析方法的未确知测度理论的评价方法评价过程合理、置信度高、结果可靠,为泥石流危险性评价提供了一种新的方法     

大空间单跨门式刚架结构抗火性能影响因素的客观权重研究

火灾时的大空间单跨门式刚架结构抗火性能,受钢构件温升和结构整体抗火临界温度的影响.本文通过对无保护大空间建筑钢构件温升数据的统计分析,获得包含火源功率、建筑体积、钢构件截面形状系数的钢构件温升拟合公式;结合单跨门式刚架结构整体抗火临界温度数据的统计分析,获得包含荷载比、柱高和系数K的结构整体抗火临界温度拟合公式;通过分...     

混凝一气浮控制三卤甲烷生成势的研究

研究了混凝一气浮工艺对不同分子量区间三卤甲烷生成势（trihalomethanes formation potential,THMFP）的去除效果及絮体形态对THMFP去除效果的影响。结果表明,混凝一气浮工艺以去除大分子量区间THMFP为主,对小分子量区间THMFP的去除效果较差。UV254值与THMFP值的线性相关系数为0．9449,UV254值可以较好地反映THMFP的含量。絮体的分形维数为1．17～1．2时,孔隙率较大,可增加絮体对THMFP的活性吸附空间,且絮体相对密度较小,可增强同向絮凝作用,增加絮体和THMFP的接触概率,有利于气浮对THMFP的去除。     

阶式生物接触氧化对富营养化太湖水源水中溶解有机物的去除性能研究

构建阶式生物接触氧化反应器处理富营养化太湖水源水,对其净水效能进行研究。结果表明,在优化工况条件下,阶式生物氧化反应器的三阶对太湖水源水中DOC的累积去除率分别为34．4％、40．2％和47．5％,对BDOC的总去除率为68．4％,除生物降解外,填料拦截、生物吸附絮凝等物理、化学作用对去除原水中的DOC仍有重要作用。DOC分子量分级表明,太湖源水中含量最大的是分子量〈500Da的DOC,含量最小的是分子量在5k～500Da间的DOC。阶式生物接触氧化反应器对分子量〈500 Da的DOC的去除率在60％以上,而出水中5k～500 Da区间的DOC含量相比原水增加近1倍。     

Octanol–air partition coefficients of polybrominated biphenyls

The octanol–air partition coefficients (K_OA) for PBB15, PBB26, PBB31, PBB49, PBB103 and PBB153 were determined as a function of temperature using a gas chromatographic retention time technique with 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p′-DDT) as a reference substance. The internal energies of phase change from octanol to air (Δ_OAU) were calculated for the six compounds and were in the range from 74 to 116 kJ mol⁻¹. Simple regression equations of log K_OA versus relative retention times (RRTs) on gas chromatography (GC), and log K_OA versus molecular connectivity indexes (MCI) were obtained, for which the correlation coefficients (r²) were greater than 0.985 at 283.15 K and 298.15 K. Thus the K_OA values of the remaining PBBs can be predicted by using their RRTs and MCI according to these relationships.     

桥梁安全综合评价体系构建及重心法评价研究

目前桥梁安全综合评价研究并不成熟,在分析了桥梁安全综合评价应该考虑的主要因素的基础上,提出并确立了桥梁安全综合评价体系.探讨了应用模糊重心决策法进行桥梁安全综合评价的实现过程,为桥梁安全管理人员和安监部门理性决策提供理论依据.     

Plant steroid hormones produced under Ni stress are involved in the regulation of metal uptake and oxidative stress in Brassica juncea L

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in the amelioration of various biotic and abiotic stresses. With an aim to explore the role of BRs under heavy metal stress, plants of Brassica juncea L. were grown in pots. The plants were subjected to various concentrations of Nickel metal (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM) and harvested on 60th day in order to observe the expression of these hormones. The isolated BRs from the leaves of Brassica plants characterized by GC-MS include 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL), Castasterone, Dolicholide and Typhasterole. The effect of isolated 24-EBL was studied on Ni metal uptake and antioxidative defense system in 60 d old plants of Brassica. It was observed that 24-EBL significantly increased the activities of stress ameliorating enzymes and lowered the metal uptake in plants. This is the first report in B. juncea L. plants showing the expression of BRs under metal treatments and effect of the isolated 24-EBL on metal uptake and in oxidative stress management.     

Ozonation as an advanced oxidant in treatment of bamboo industry wastewater

The present study employed ozonation process to treat the bamboo industry wastewater (BIWW). The impact of ozone dosage and initial organic concentration on color, COD and TOC removal rates were studied along with characterization of the major organics in raw and treated wastewater. The results suggested the ozone dosage of 3.15 g h⁻¹ (concentration 52.5 mg L⁻¹) was suitable for the treatment. After 25 min ozonation of 1 L raw wastewater, the color, COD and TOC removal efficiencies were 95%, 56% and 40%, respectively, with an influent COD concentration of 835 mg L⁻¹. The ratio of kg O₃ kg⁻¹ COD at 3.15 g h⁻¹ was 2.8 (<3), revealing that ozonation was a cost effective process for tertiary treatment of BIWW. Longer oxidization time was required to achieve similar results for raw wastewater with higher COD concentration. The chromatogram from gel permeation chromatography revealed that ozonation resulted in the breakdown of high molecular weight compounds into lower molecular weight components but could not completely mineralize the organic matter. The majority of these compounds were identified in both raw and ozonated samples via GC-MS analysis. In addition to ester derivatives as the main intermediates of ozonation, 1-chloroctadecane, methyl stearate, benzophenone and α-cyperone were identified as the by-products of ozonation.