高盐废水盐度对中度嗜盐菌生长动力学的影响

高盐废水盐度变化是影响微生物生长的重要因素之一。研究以中度嗜盐菌Halomonassp．STSY．3为例,测定其在不同盐度下生长对数期末OD600,并以葡萄糖为限制性基质,利用Monod方程,对菌株进行生长动力学拟合。结果表明,Halomonassp．STSY-3的最适生长盐度为7％（以NaCl计）,此盐度下其OD600 为2．56,而0%和34％盐度下OD600分别为0．47和0．06;Halomonassp．STSY-3的生长动力学模型与实验数据能较好地拟合,在最适生长盐度下动力学模型参数μmax 为2．257h-1,Ks为0．0082g／L。比较不同盐度下STSY-3生长动力学参数,得出中度嗜盐菌STSY-3的生长存在3个明显分区：最适盐度区（盐度2％～9％）、嗜盐过渡区（盐度9％～20％和0．68％～1．76％）及生长抑制区（盐度≤2％或≥20％）。其中嗜盐过渡区0．68％～1．76％由于范围较小,实际意义小,忽略不计。     

Pseudomonas flava WD-3对人工湿地污染物的去除及Monod模型模拟

为确保寒冷地区冬季人工湿地的污水处理效果,采用从南四湖人工湿地中分离筛选出的耐低温菌Pseudomonas flava WD-3为研究对象,研究其在冬季不同梯度接种量(菌悬液的浓度为4.575×108个·m L-1)和水力停留时间时在复合垂直流人工湿地中连续3个月内的污水处理效果,采用简化的Monod动力学模型对该菌在人工湿地中对污染物的去除进行模拟并验证,并讨论了该菌的投加量和水力停留时间与污染物去除的关系.结果表明,Pseudomonas flava WD-3对污水中的有机污染物以及氮磷等营养物具有明显的去除效果.菌株的最佳投加量为6.0%,且其对污水中COD、NH3-N、TP的去除率分别介于:85.82%~87.00%、73.91%~84.18%和82.04%~85.38%,平均去除效率分别为未投加该菌的1.49、1.46、1.76倍,最佳水力停留时间为7d.简化的Monod模型对Pseudomonas flava WD-3在冬季对人工湿地中污染物去除的预测较为准确,同时,该菌的投加量和水力停留时间均与去除率呈正相关的一级反应关系.     

磁粉活性污泥法处理城市生活污水的反应动力学特征

磁粉活性污泥法是在传统活性污泥法中加入磁性粉末(Fe3O4)的废水生物处理方法。在最佳运行状况下,对磁粉活性污泥法基质降解动力学进行了研究。磁粉活性污泥法基质降解符合一级反应规律,利用Monod方程对试验数据进行拟合,确定了其动力学参数,半速率常数Ks、有机底物的最大比降解速率vmax分别为10.39 mg/L和0.804 d-1。     

汉江水华水文因素作用机理--基于藻类生长动力学的研究

在相关文献的基础上总结影响汉江水华的水文因素包括流量、流速和水面比降,根据河流动力学理论,讨论了它们之间的内在联系。在此基础上,从生物生长动力学的角度,将连续流反应器原理应用于汉江水华现象,提出了汉江连续流生物反应器模型,并根据Monod方程分析,认为汉江中的藻类浓度与水流速度应成指数关系。由此,建立了汉江藻类浓度与水流速度关系数学模型a = m exp(k/ν)。利用汉江1992年至2000年实测资料,通过回归分析进一步确定了汉江的藻类浓度与水流速度函数关系中的常数m=8.9759、k=0.9054,相关系数r=0.924 4。最后,对流速、流量和长江水位对汉江水华的作用机理进行了分析,揭示了水文因素影响汉江水华的作用机理。     

流化床微生物燃料电池基质降解动力学研究

研究了在30℃左右条件下,流化床微生物燃料电池(FBMFC)处理有机废水的基质降解动力学。在空气阴极、单室、无膜液固流化床微生物燃料电池中,以污水和椰壳活性炭为液相和固相,通过实验考察不同水力停留时间的污水COD变化。选取Monod模型和简单动力学模型,通过合理的假设推导出流化床微生物燃料电池处理模拟有机废水时的基质降解动力学模型。将实验数据代入到理论推导得到的动力学模型中,进行线性拟合和对比分析,得到Monod模型和一级反应动力学模型表达式。结果表明流化床微生物燃料电池基质降解为一级反应;Monod模型表达式为:t/s0-st=4.769 7/st+15.885,一级动力学模型为:lnCA=-0.025 32t+8.109 15,理论推导模型与实验数据具有较好的吻合性。     

Interaction between sorption and biodegradation processes in the contaminant transport

The main goal of this work is to examine in detail the equilibrium and non-equilibrium sorption in a multiple species contaminant transport system undergoing multiplicative Monod biodegradation kinetics, which characterizes a scenario of subsurface contamination by organic contaminants. Mathematically, the problem is given by a nonlinear advection-diffusion-reaction partial differential system coupled by the reaction terms, associated with the biodegradation process. A new operator splitting approach is proposed for treating in a sequential fashion the convective-diffusive and reactive terms. A predictor-multicorrector algorithm with Newton–Raphson and stabilized finite element (streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin, SUPG) methods is used in the time and spatial discretizations, respectively. Numerical results illustrate the good applicability of the present approach, corroborating the well-known observation nonlinear physical and biological processes should be inserted in the model that to better predict the contamination scenarios.     

苯为共代谢基质的1,1-二氯乙烯的好氧生物降解研究

为了更好地去除地下水中常见的共同存在且难降解的有机物苯与1,1-二氯乙烯（DCE）,研究了从苯与DCE驯化的活性污泥中筛选获得的菌株DB-TS对苯与DCE的降解特性。当苯初始浓度相同时,随着DCE初始浓度的增加,苯的降解率不断减少;而DCE的去除率先增加后降低。苯的降解符合一级反应动力学;DCE的降解符合Monod动力...     

1,1-二氯乙烯降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

从好氧活性污泥中分离得到一株能以1,1-二氯乙烯(1,1-DCE)作为惟一碳源和能源生长的革兰氏阴性菌株D-B,经鉴定属于产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenessp.)。当维持菌株D-B浓度一定时,1,1-DCE的去除率随着1,1-DCE浓度的增大先增加后降低,且降解过程主要发生在加入1,1-DCE后的3~5 h内。当1,1-DCE的初始浓度为300μg/L时去除率达到最大值85.32%。菌株D-B对1,1-DCE的降解符合Monod方程,饱和常数Ks=21.96 mg/L,1,1-DCE的最大比基质降解速率Vmax=50.76 mg/(L.h)。     

Benthic Algal (Periphyton) Growth Rates in Response to Nitrogen and Phosphorus: Parameter Estimation for Water Quality Models

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are significant pollutants that can stimulate nuisance blooms of algae. Water quality models (e.g., Water Quality Simulation Program, CE‐QUAL‐R1, CE‐QUAL‐ICM, QUAL2k) are valuable and widely used management tools for algal accrual due to excess nutrients in the presence of other limiting factors. These models utilize the Monod and Droop equations to associate algal growth rate with dissolved nutrient concentration and intracellular nutrient content. Having accurate parameter values is essential to model performance; however, published values for model parameterization are limited, particularly for benthic (periphyton) algae. We conducted a 10‐day mesocosm experiment and measured diatom‐dominated periphyton biomass accrual through time as chlorophyll a (chl a) and ash‐free dry mass (AFDM) in response to additions of N (range 5–11,995 µg nitrate as nitrogen [NO₃‐N]/L) and P (range 0.89–59.51 µg soluble reactive phosphorus/L). Resulting half‐saturation coefficients and growth rates are similar to other published values, but minimum nutrient quotas are higher than those previously reported. Saturation concentration for N ranged from 150 to 2,450 µg NO₃‐N/L based on chl a and from 8.5 to 60 µg NO₃‐N/L when based on AFDM. Similarly, the saturation concentration for P ranged from 12 to 29 µg‐P/L based on chl a, and from 2.5 to 6.1 µg‐P/L based on AFDM. These saturation concentrations provide an upper limit for streams where diatom growth can be expected to respond to nutrient levels and a benchmark for reducing nutrient concentrations to a point where benthic algal growth will be limited.     

C3降解长链烷烃的条件优化及其机理研究

以正十六烷无机盐培养基为选择培养基,从武汉石化输油管附近土壤中筛选出了1株高效降解长链烷烃的菌株C3。采用摇瓶实验,研究了菌株C3降解正十六烷的降解条件、降解动力学及降解机理。菌株C3降解正十六烷的最适宜条件为温度35℃、初始p H=7、摇床转速150 r/min。动力学研究显示,在底物质量浓度为1 000 mg/L时,其降解动力学拟合结果符合Monod方程,半饱和常数Ks=609.8 mg/L,最大降解速率v_(max)=62.1mg/(L·h)。对C3降解正十六烷产物进行红外光谱及GC/MS分析,推测该降解方式为末端氧化。